132 
the much larger mass figured by Squier and Davis, which 
originally weighed between thirty and forty pounds. The 
surface of this stone was pitted with cup-shaped depres- 
sions. The oblong fragment in the Blackmore Collection 
measures six inches by eight, and has upon it three perfect 
detached cups, two cups which are confluent, portions of three 
finished cups, one half finished, and several which have been 
commenced. It may be well to remark that these " cups " are 
oval, there being a diff"erence in the two diameters of about one- 
eighth of an inch. They measure in their greater diameter 
about one inch and a half, and are about seven-eighths of an 
inch in depth. Judging from the engraving in the Ancient 
Monuments of the Mississippi Valley," the cups upon the 
original mass were not all of the same size. One corner of the 
fragment, No. 30, indicates that «t has been exposed to the 
action of fire. Squier and Davis have suggested that these 
cups were used in hammering plates of copper into the convex 
form needed for making bosses, such as those shown in Case 
E 6, upon Tablets 2 and 3. The circumstances that two of the 
cups are confluent, that the surface of the block has not been 
smoothed, and that there is no evidence of bruising from 
hammering, all militate against the idea that this block was 
used, or was even intended to be used, as an anvil. 
On the other hand, "cup-cuttings" closely resembling those 
upon this block have been found in the British Isles, Scandi- 
navia, the Channel Islands, Britanny and Switzerland. 
**The simplest type of these ancient stone and rock cuttings 
consists of incised hollowed-out depressions or cups, varying 
from an inch to three inches or more in diameter. For the 
most part these cup-cuttings " are shallow. Consequently 
their depth is usually far less than their diameter ; it is 
often not more than half an inch, and rarely exceeds an 
inch or an inch and a half. On the same stone or rock 
surface they are commonly carved out of many diff"erent 
sizes The simple cup-cuttings " are generally 
scattered singly, and apparently quite irregularly, over the 
surface of the stone ; but occasionally they seem placed in 
groups of four, six, or more." 
The "cup-cuttings" upon the Ohio block are not the only 
American examples which have been observed, although hitherto 
the resemblance between these singular sculptures in the old 
and the new world appears to have been unnoticed. Lord 
Kingsborough has figured a rocking-stone, described as being 
