53 
to its handle by hide, which must have been in its raw state 
when it was wrapped around the weapon. 
Nos. 1 8 to 22 are stone pendants and other objects, found 
in a mound, about thirty miles to the south of San Francisco. . 
No. 22 is drilled for suspension. 
H 12. 
Nos. I to 5 and No. lo are stone mortars, used for crushing 
maize. These mortars are seaside boulders, which have been 
hollowed by pecking." Nos. 6 to 9 are stone pestles, for 
use with the mortars. Nos. i to 9 were presented to the Col- 
lection by Captain Oliver Eldridge. 
Pecking." 
The characteristic marks of this process may be detected upon 
many stone implements, such as pestles, mortars, hatchets, and 
axes. A pointed tool, of some hard variety of stone, was used 
for ''pecking;" the tool, when in use, was held in a direction 
perpendicular to the surface to be worked, and not at an angle 
with it, as when a chisel was the tool employed. 
From the number of fragments of implements which have 
been found, it is clear that many must have been broken in the 
process of manufacture. It is also evident, from the numerous 
unfinished specimens which have been met with, that the 
characteristic unsustained labour of savages caused many im- 
plements to be abandoned with careless indifference in an 
unfinished state, after considerable time and labour had been 
bestowed upon them. 
Modern stone-cutters work granite and certain varieties of 
sandstone by " pecking." With marble and some other kinds of 
stone it is necessary to "lift off" chips with the chisel, instead 
of crushing and destroying the surface by "pecking." Holes 
were sometimes worked in detached masses of rock, or even, 
when in convenient positions, in rocks in situ, by the process of 
"pecking." These were used as mortars, in which maize was 
crushed. The mortice-holes in the lintel-stones at Stonehenge 
were, probably, worked by " pecking," for the marks of a pointed 
tool are to be seen within one of the mortice-holes of the fallen 
impost of the central trilithon. The " cup-cuttings " mentioned 
at pages 131 to 133 appear to have been all made by "pecking." 
