THE PACA OF BRAZIL. 
189 
gether by mesocolon. The colon, more than ten feet long, 
had no external longitudinal bands, nor the slightest puc- 
kering of its coats. 
The hver was divided, by distinct fissures, into six lobes, 
increasing progressively in size from the right to the left 
side, and rather more than half of the organ lay on the left 
of the mesial plane. The gall-bladder lay between the two 
central lobes, firmly attached to them by cellular substance. 
A single hepatic duct joined the cystic duct about three 
inches from its termination in the duodenum, and the duc- 
tus communis choledocus entered the intestine about four 
inches below the pylorus. The gall-bladder contained no 
bile, but about an ounce of a thick brown-coloured opaque 
fluid, and a small biliary concretion, two lines in diameter, 
with a rough, irregular and dark-brown surface. This 
gall-stone was white, and hard internally, but did not effer- 
vesce in nitric acid. The spleen, somewhat reniform, and 
much enlarged and hardened by disease, lay beneath the 
stomach on the left side. The pancreas resembled that of 
the rabbit, in form, colour, and situation. The kidneys, 
inches long, and IJ broad, were placed nearly on the 
same level, the right being only about a quarter of an inch 
higher than the left. In the rabbit I have sometimes ob- 
served the right kidney nearly two inches higher than the 
left. The kidneys had the usual regular lengthened form, 
without any appearance of lobes, which are observed gene- 
rally in carnivorous animals. The supra-renal glands, at- 
tached to the upper and inner margin of the kidneys on the 
outside of their capsule, were of great size in the Paca, as has 
been observed also in some other Rodentia. They were of a 
pale flesh-red colour, inch in length, half an inch broad, 
and formed about a twelfth part of the bulk of the kidneys. 
On laying these glands open, a shut cavity was found in 
their middle, extending their whole length, the walls of 
