548 ON THE PHEMOGAMIC VEGETATION OF 
were, Salioc cinerea, S. prunifoUa^ abundant and of large 
size, S, aurita, S. repens, together with some others, of 
which I am not certain. The roses were, Rosa spinosis- 
sinia, R. cani?ia, several varieties, R. villosa, and R. to- 
mentosa. In Braemar the Broom and Furze are nowhe-re 
to be seen. 
As we proceed down the river, the quantity of wood in- 
creases. Betula alba and Pinus sylvestris predominate, 
and of both there are extensive forests. These trees are 
the only ones which in Scotland form woods or forests of 
themselves, to the exclusion of other trees. Quercus Ro- 
bur and Fraocinus excelsior begin ior appear here and 
there below Castletown, and in some places form a consi- 
derable proportion of the wood. All the species mention- 
ed, together with Ilex Aquifolium, are found as far as the 
pass of Tulloch. In this tract Trifolium medium is much 
more common than T. pratense. Fragarla vesca abounds 
in the woods, together with Vaccinium Myrtillus. Hiera- 
cium sabaudum, and sylvaticum, are of common occurrence, 
as well as Ligusticurn scoticum and Melampyrum pratense, 
and Myrica Gale and Genista anglica are seen here and 
there. Rubus id(Bus occurs on the borders of the woods, 
together with the roses mentioned, and Juniper us commu- 
nis makes its appearance. Of the other plants which oc- 
cur, the most remarkable are, Pyrola secunda, P. minor, 
and Asperula odorata. At Abergeldy we have still a mix- 
ture of the alpine plants, Saxifraga aizoides and Alclie- 
milla alpina occurring in abundance. Cnicus heterophyllus 
is also frequent. Near Ballater Arundo Phragmites makes 
its first appearance, but not by the river. 
Before proceedings it will be necessary to extend our 
examination to a group of mountains occupying the space 
bounded by the river Dee from Castletown to Ballater, 
Glen Muic, the loch of that name, and Glen Callader, 
