4 
ZOOLOGY. 
Tabular \iew of the EianT Branches of the Animal Kingdom 
VIII. Vertebrafa, 
Ascidians to Man. 
VII. Arfhropoda. 
Crustaceans and Insects. 
VI. Mollnsca. 
Clams, Suails, Cuttles. 
V. Vermes. 
Flat and Roiind Worms, Polyzoa, 
Brachiopods. Annelids. 
I 
IV. Echinodermata. 
Crinoids, Starfish, etc. 
III. Cmlenterata. 
Hydra, Jelly-fishes. 
II. Porifera. 
Sponges. 
Metazoa.- 
Many -celled animals, with 3 cell-layers. 
I. Protozoa. 
Single-celled Animals. 
Paleontology. — The existing animals were preceded in 
the earth's history by multitudes which are now extinct. 
Their remains in the shape of bones, teeth, or shells, etc., 
are called fossils, and the study of fossil animals and plants 
is called Paleontology. 
Geographical Distribution. — Animals are not arbi- 
trarily scattered over the earth's surface, but form assem- 
blages of species which people any given spot or country. 
Such an assemblage of animals inhabiting a given place or 
area is called a fmina. Thus we may speak of the faun^ 
of New York, or of the United States, or of North Amei^ 
ica. The animals of the arctic region belong to the arctic 
fauna; those of the tropics constitute the tropical fauna. 
We may also speak of the fauna of the land or of the 
ocean. 
