104 
ZOOLOGT. 
both scutum and scutcllum, the two not being separately developed. 
The fore wings are long and narrow, and thicker than the hinder, 
which are broad thin, and membranous, and most active in flight, 
Deing folded up like a fan when at rest and tucked away out of 
sight under the fore wings, which act as wing-coveiSo 
Turning now to the side of the body (Fig. 128), we see that the 
side of each of the middle and hind thoracic rings is composed of 
two pieces, the anterior, epzsternum, resting on the sternum, with 
the epimerum behind it; these pieces are vertically high and narrow, 
and to them the leg is inserted by three pieces, called respectively 
coxa, trochantine, and trochanter {^qq Fig. 128), the 
latter forming a true joint of the leg. 
The legs consist of five well-marked joints, the 
femur (thigh), tibia (shank), and tarsus (foot), the 
latter consisting in the locust of three joints, the 
third bearing two large claws with a pad between 
them. The hind legs, especially the femur and 
tibia, are very large, adapted for hopping. 
The sternum is broad and large in the middle 
and hind thorax, but small and obscurely limited 
in the prothorax, with a large conical projection 
Fig 129.^Front view between the legs, 
of the head of c. The head is mainly in the adult locust composed 
mumT^'C^'c^lDeus; ^ single piece (called the epicranium, Figs. 128 
I/, labrum, o o, and 129 E), which carries the compound eyes, 
ocelli; e, e.ye; a,an- /' ^ ^ 
tenna; md, mandi- ocelli, or sunple eyes (rig. 129, e), and antennse. 
nlaxnia' uncovei'ed ^^^^^^ there are in reality four primary segments 
by the labrum: p. in the head of all winged insects, corresponding 
p'ffibtalVfpu^^^ to the four pairs of appendages in the head, the 
posterior three segments, alter early embryonic 
life in the locust, become obsolete, and are mainly represented by 
their appendages and by small portions to which the appendages 
are attached. The antennae, or feelers, are inserted in front of the 
eyes, and between them is the anterior ocellus, or simple eye, while 
the two posterior ocelli are situated above the insertion of the an- 
tennse. In front of the epici'anium is the clypeus (Fig. 129), a piece 
nearly twice as broad as long. To the cl3^peus is attached a loose 
flap, which covers the jaws when they are at rest. This is the upper 
lip or labrum) Fig. 129). There are three pairs of mouth-appenda^^es: 
first, the true jaws or mandibles (Fig. 127), which are single-jointed, 
and are broad, short, solid, with a toothed cutting and grinding edge 
adapted for biting. The mandibles are situated on each side of the 
mouth- opening. Behind the mandibles are the maxillae (Fig. 127), 
which are divided into three lobes, the inner armed with teeth or 
