THE OBTHOPTEBA. 
117 
Order 1. Thysanura. — The spring-tails (Podura) and 
Smynthurus (Fig. 140) and bristle-tails (Lepisrna) are ex- 
amples of this order. The Podurans have a 
peculiar forked appendage in the end of the 
body, which is held in place by a hook; when 
set free the spring darts backward^, throwing 
the minute insect high in the air. 
Order 2. Dermaptera, — The earwig {For- 
jicula) is the representative of this small 
group, which is characterized by the small, 
short, elytra-like fore wings, and the large 
/. , 0 , . 1 .-, , \ ^ , . Fig. UO.-Smyn^ 
peculiar nmd wings, while the body ends m a thurus,a spring- 
y T ^ tail. Magnified. 
lorceps-like appendage. 
Order 3. Orthoptera. — Locusts, grasshoppers, crickets, 
etc., are called Orthoptera (straight-wings) from their nar- 
row, straight, fore wings; the broad hinder pair being 
folded fan-like under the fore pair. 
Many Orthoptera, as the crickets, green grasshoppers, 
Fig. 141.— a Katydid-like form resembling a leaf. 
katydids (Fig. 141), etc., and locusts (Fig. 142), produce 
lou^l, shrill sounds. The sound is made in three ways, i.e., 
first, by rubbing the base of one wing-cover on the other 
(ci'ickets and green grasshoppers); second^ by robbing the 
