THE MAMMALS. 
239 
bull gores and tosses any troublesome enemy, while the 
Italian buffalo is said never to use his horns; he gives 
a tremendous blow with his convex forehead, and then 
tramples on his fallen enemy with his knees." Darwin 
also says that male quadrupeds with tusks use them in a 
variety of ways: thus the boar strikes laterally and up- 
ward, the musk-deer with serious effect downward," while 
the walrus can strike either upward, downward, or side- 
ways with equal dexterity. 
The males are usually larger when there is any difference 
in size; this is seen in the cared seals, in the ox, Indian 
buffalo, and the American bison, as well as the lion. The 
mane of the latter adds to its appearance of greater weight 
and bulk, and Darwin says that the lion's mane " forms a 
good defence against the one danger to which he is liable 
— namely, the attacks of rival lions." As regards distinc- 
tions in color, male ruminants are most liable to exhibit 
them. In the Derbyan eland the body is redder, the neck 
much blacker, and the white band separating these colors 
broader than in the females. In the Cape eland the male 
is slightly darker than the female. In the Indian black- 
buck the male is very dark, almost black, while the female 
is fawn-colored: male antelopes are blacker than the female. 
The Banteng bull is almost black, while the cow is of a 
bright dun. Among the lemurs the male of Lemur macaco 
s coal-black, while the female is reddish yellow. The 
sexes of monkeys differ much in coloration. Certain male 
seals, bats, rats, and squirrels have brighter colors than in 
the opposite sex. On the other hand, the female Khesus 
monkey is adorned with a brilliant red naked ring around 
the tail; this is wanting in the male, which, however, is 
larger, with larger canines, more bushy whiskers and eye- 
brows; and Darwin states that in monkeys the males usu- 
ally differ from the females in ^^the development of the 
beard, whiskers, and mane." 
The vocal organs of mammals are, in general, constructed 
outho same type. Th$ larynx is formed by a modific9;tioii 
