THE EVEN-TOED UNGULATES. 
279 
regarded as the original stock, may be a race which has 
returned to a wild state, since partly wild horses occur in 
Syria, on the Don, and live in great herds on the llanos 
and pampas of South America. There are two primitive 
races of horses, the Oriental and Western. To the first 
belong three types: the Arabian, with the Berber, Anda- 
lusian, Neapolitan; and in England the blood horse; the 
Nizaischan type of the Deccan, India, to which belong the 
Persian, Turkestan, Turkish horses, and the Tartarian. 
The western races comprise the Prieseland, to which belong 
the Brabant, Holstein, Mecklenburg, and the English farm- 
horse, and among others the Percheron horse, of Prance. 
Ponies are dwarf horses produced in cool, mountainous 
areas, such as the Shetland Islands. The wild ass {Equus 
onager) ranges from the Indus to Mesopotamia. Equus 
hemionus the Df^chiggetai or Kiang, goes in herds in cen- 
tral Asia and Mongolia. Recently, Prevalsky, a Russian 
explorer, has discovered a new species of horse in the ele- 
vated portions of Central Asia, which has been named 
Equus Prevalshii, The hinny and mule are infertile hy- 
brids of the horse and ass {Equus asiuns). 
Artiodactyles. — The even-toed Ungulates comprise the 
peccary, pig, hippopotamus, and the Ruminants, which are 
represented by the deer, sheep, ox, and camel. The pig 
and peccary are the descendants of a number of extinct 
earlier forms which flourished in the Tertiary Period; the 
pig, as Marsh observes, having held its own 
with characteristic pertinacity. The peccary 
{Dicotyles) is a small creature, closely resem- 
bling a long-legged pig. It lives in swampy 
tracts from Texas to Central and South 
America. It goes in herds, and is a fearless 
Fig. 3it— Crown of animal. The Hijjpopotamus (Pig. 310) has 
deer's tooth, show- ^ ij-i.ii • i „ 
ing the enamel a large head, With large canines, a clumsy 
crescents. body, and short legs. Hippopotamus am- 
phibius ranges from the Upper Nile to the Cape of Good 
Hope^ and westward to Senegambia. It is nearly 3| metres 
