S04 
ZOOLOQt, 
nails. The Oalago, of West Africa (Fig. 326), somewhat 
recalls the Insectivora, while ^^in the more active and • 
flexible-bodied Leniuridce, the trunk-vertebrae resemble in 
proportions, connections, and direction of neural spines 
those of the agile Carnivorar (Owen.) 
The genuine Primates or sub-order Antliropoidea are, in 
brief, characterized by the large, convoluted cerebral hemi- 
spheres which nearly, or in the higher apes and mjin, con- 
ceal the cerebrum when seen from above. The ears are 
rounded, with a distinct lobule, and the two mammae are 
pectoral. These Anthropoidea are divided into two sub- 
divisions, the first comprising the monkeys and apes, and 
the second, man. In the first group [SiniicB), the body is 
prone, the animal walking on all-fours, only the orang and 
gorilla walking partly erect; the great toe is rather short, 
thumb-like, and opposable to the fingers, while the body is 
very hairy. The monkeys of the New World have a wide 
septum to the nose, and are hence called Platyrliince; they 
also have long tails. 
The little, squirrel-like, gregarious marmosets are the 
smallest of the monkeys and nearest allied to the lemurs. 
They walk on all-fours, the anterior extremities being 
like the hind feet, and resting on the same plane, serving 
as a paw; the teeth are sharply tubercled, and the nails, 
except those of the great toe, nre claw-like. The cerebral 
hemispheres are nearly smooth, though relatively large. 
Jacchus and Midas are the typical genera, inhabiting 
South America. While the marmosets (Mididm) have but 
thirty-two teeth, in the true platyrrhine monkeys there are 
thirty-six teeth; there being an additional molar on each 
side of each jaw, and the thumb is slightly opposable to the 
fingers (though a true thumb is wanting in the spider 
monkeys). The New World monkeys also have long, pre- 
hensile tails, so useful in climbing as to be sometimes called 
a fifth hand, as seen in the spider monkeys {Ateles, Fig. 
327), in which the tail underneath is naked and very sensi- 
tive. The skull varies greatly in the different genera, as 
