810 
ZOOLOGY. 
According to Wyman, the range of variation in different 
races of men, as seen in seventeen skulls, is from 92 to 75 
cubic inches; in the gorilla from 34 to 25 cubic inches, 
nine skulls having been measured. 
There is but a single species of oraiig, which is restricted 
to Sumatra and Borneo. It is said to be very intelligent, 
to possess a voice so loud as to be heard one or two miles, 
and to build a nest to sleep in. It makes a fresh nest of 
leaves and branches nearly every night in the boughs of 
trees from twenty to fifty feet from the ground; with its 
long and powerful arms it easily climbs the tallest trees, 
feeding on fruits, buds, young shoots, and leaves. It 
does not leave its bed till the sun is well up and has dried up 
the dew on the leaves, and it feeds all through the middle 
of the day. No animal dares to attack it but the crocodile 
and boa; these, however, it usually vanquishes. (Wallace.) 
The chimpanzee and gorilla are only found on the west 
coast of Africa. The chimi)anzee {Miiiietes niger, with its 
variety Tscliego, Fig. 332) inhabits the coast from Sierra 
Leone to Congo. It is nbout 1| metres (five feet) in height. 
It can stand or run erect, but it usually leans forward, 
resting on its knuckles; the arms span about half as much 
again as the creature's height. Both the chimpanzee and 
gorilla have fourteen paii's of ribs. The chimpanzee lives 
on fruit, is an active climber, and nests in trees, changing 
its rude quarters according to circumstances. Eev. Dr. 
Savage states that " they generally build not far above the 
ground. Branches or twigs are bent, or partly broken, and 
crossed, and the whole supported by the body of a limb or 
a crotch. Sometimes a nest will be found near the end of 
a strong leafy irancli twenty or thirty feet from the 
ground.'^ 
The gorilla, like the chimpanzee, goes in bands, but the 
company is smaller, and led by a single adult male. They 
make similar nests, which, however, in the case of both 
apes, afford no shelter, and are only occupied at night. 
The gorilla soiixeti^^es r^ftQligs the height of aboi^t m§tro§ 
