MAN 
813 
orbits; in the gorilla the forehead is hollowed out. The 
hinder portion of the brain is aibc much more developed in 
man than in the apes, and in the hinder part of the hemi- 
spheres the convolutions are more numerous than in the 
chimpanzee, this part in monkeys losing its convolutions 
altogether (Wyman). Man stands erect; his arms span a 
distance equal to his height; the spinal column has four 
curves ; the skin of the hands and feet of man is highly 
sensitive, compared with that of the apes. Finally, as 
Cuvier stated, the grand distinctive zoological character 
separating man from the other aniuials is the possession of 
the power of speech. 
Sometimes in man the coccyx has one or two more joints 
than the normal number, but the apes have no tail. The 
black and Australian races are slightly nearer the apes than 
civilized peoples. In apes, as in the lower mammals, the 
pelvis is higher than wide; when there is a degradation in 
the human pelvis it tends to become higher than wide, as 
seen in the pelvis of the Hottentots. In civilized man the 
legs are one half the height of the body, but in the South 
Africans, Hottentots, and Bushmen the legs are a little less 
than half the height, and the thigh-bone is flattened from 
side to side, as in the gorilla. The waist is broader in the 
African than in the European; the os calcis is not longer 
in negroes than in the white man, the larger heel of the 
former being simply due to an expansion of the soft parts. 
The form of the skull varies greatly in the different races. 
Fio. 834.— Skull of a Neg^ro, showing its prognathism. 
