315 
Mongolidae, and Atlantidae; and Pickering into white, 
brown, and black varieties, with intermediate races. Hux- 
ley divides the different races into two primary groups, the 
Ulotrichiy with crisp or woolly hair, and the Leiotrichi, 
with smooth hair. 
The average height of Englishmen is 5.8-5.10 feet; in 
the universities more. In America, the average height of 
medical and military men is 5.9f feet. The Patagonian 
men are nearly six feet high on an average; the women 
5.10 feet; the Bushmen and Esquimaux 4.7, the latter 
being the smallest people on the earth. The smallest 
dwarfs in Europe were 33 and 28 inches in height respec- 
tively; while Patrick Cotter, the Irish giant, was 8 feet 
7 inches tall. 
Works on Vertebrates. 
Fishes. — Gunther's Introduction to the Study of Fishes, 1880; 
Jordan and Gilbert's Synopsis of the Fishes of North America, 1882; 
with the essays of Storer, Gill, Cope, A. Agassiz, Goode, Bean, etc. 
Batrachians. — Cope's Batrachia of North America (Bulletin U. S. 
Nat. Museum, 34), 1889; with the essays of Baird, Cope, etc. 
Beptiles. — Jordan's Vertebrates of the Eastern U. S., 1888; Hol- 
brookes Herpetology of North America, 1842; Agassiz's Contributions 
to the Natural History of the United States, vol. ii., 1857; Cope's 
Check-list of North American Reptiles and Batrachians. 
Birds. — Audubon's Birds of North America, 7 vols., 1840-44; 
Cones' Key to the Birds of North America, 1884; Baird, Brewer, 
and Ridgway's Birds of North America, 5 vols., 1874-84; Ridg- 
way's Manual of North American Birds, 1887; and the writings of 
Allen and others; and for an ornithological journal, The Auk, New 
York. 
Mammals. — Audubon and Bachman's Viviparous Quadrupeds of 
North America, 1843-47 ; Baird's Mammals of North America, 
8th vol. of Pacific R. R. Reports, 1857; Coues and Allen's Mono- 
graphs of North American Rodentia, 1877; Jordan's Vertebrates 
of the Eastern United States, 1888; Scammon's Marine Mamma- 
lia, 1874; Caton's Antelopes and Deer of North America, 1887; 
Coues' Fur-bearing Animals of North America, 1878; Morgan's 
The American Beaver and his Works, 1868; Flower and Lydekker's 
Introduction to the Study of Mammals Living and Extinct, London, 
1891; also the essays of Allen, Baird, Coues, Gill, Cope, Marsh, 
Osborn, Scott, Merriam, Gegenbaur, Flower ^.y^ekker, and others. 
