228 
INSECTA. 
Galls made by insects. J. W. H. Teaill, Scot. Nat. i. pp. 123-125, 156- 
159, 192-197, 234 & 235, descrilpes galls found in Scotland. His observations 
are directed chiefly to the excrescences themselves, but in some instances 
refer to the insects producing them. 
Geogbaphical Distribution. Scilly Islands : insects (chiefly IHptera) 
observed during a short stay, recorded by F. Walker, Ent. vi. p. 3. 
Braemar : species recorded by W. D. Robinson, Ent. M. M. viii. p. 185, 
Texel : short account of insects taken in this and neighbouring islands by 
RoELOFS & RiTSEMA in CR. Ent. Belg. xv. p. Ixxvii. 
Hastiere : species recorded by Weyers from this locality, ibid. p. ci. 
Breda : list of insects of all orders, Tijdschr. Ent. (2) vii. p. xxxiii et seq. 
Gorz : species of Neuroptera, Coleoptej-a, and Lepidoptera new to the 
Austrian and German lists are recorded by Rogenhofer, SB. z.-b. Wien^ 
xxii. p. 45. 
Baskuntschatskoje and Elton Salt I..akes, Schilling, Anton, and Astracan : 
Becker, Bull. Mosc. xlv. 2, pp. 116-124, mentions species of Lepidopteray 
Coleoptera, and Diptera (named by Loew) found during expeditions to these 
localities. 
Amurland: general observations on distribution &c. of insects: F.Walker, 
Ent. vi. pp. 209 & 255. 
Canada : vague observations on geographical distribution of genera : id, 
Canad. Ent. iv. p. 184. 
Wyandotte Cave, Indiana: G. D. Cope, Am. Nat, vi., in describing the 
general fauna, notices 18 species of insects at pp. 409, 413 & 414 (desei'ip- 
tions of 3 new spp. of Coleoptera by Horn, ibid. pp. 420 & 421), 
Valley of Quito : J. Orton, Am. Nat. vi. pp. 651 & 652, in the 3rd of a 
series of contributions to the natural history of this district, notes that its 
insects are few and dull in colour, compared with those of the Pacific and 
Napo slopes. The fauna is stated to be thoroughly Columbian, lacking tro- 
pical forms. A list of Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Di^jtei'a, Coleoptera, Hemi- 
ptera, and Orthoptera is given, comprising less than 100 species, of which a 
few are indicated as new. 
Collecting &c. An instrument for driving insects out of concealment 
by smoke described by Grouvelle, Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr. (5) ii. p. xxvii. 
Mounting small specimens. Meyer-Diir's observations analyzed and sup- 
plemented by Leprieur, Nouv. et Faits, pp. exxi & cxxix. Pinning is 
strongly condemned. M'Lachlan, Ent. M. M. ix. p. 103, note, strongly con- 
demns carding ) but cf. Rye, ibid. p. 136. 
To preserve entomological collections from the larvse of Anthremis, Emery 
suggests the use of disks of card on the pins, beneath the specimens, by which 
the Anthreniis is prevented from climbing. Bull. Ent. Ital. iv. p. 357 et seq. 
Becker proposes fresh oil of peppermint as a preventative against Atropos 
pulsatoria in collections. Hor. Ent. Ross. viii. Bull. p. xv. 
Phenic acid cures and prevents mould in specimens : Leprieur, Bull. Soc. 
Ent. Fr. (6) ii. pp. xxxi & xciv [the acid has long been in use in England 
for that purpose]. 
Laurel-leaves recommended for relaxing specimens by Ragonot, Ann. Soc. 
Ent. Fr. (5) ii. p. 212, ibid. Bull. pp. xxxi, Ixiv, xc [for many years in use by 
English collectors ]. Missol, ibid. p. xci, thinks laurel develops grease. 
Laboulbene, ibid. p. xciv, stales peach-leaves to be objectionable. 
