INSECTA. 
223 
INSECTA. 
THE GENERAL SUBJECT 
By E. C. Rye. 
Hagen, H. Mimicry in the Colours of Insects. Am. Nat. vi. 
pp. 388-393 ; Ent. M. M. ix. pp. 78-83. 
A preliminary sketch of the origin and nature of markings, under the 
heads colour and pattern. Colours are either produced by interference of 
light, or are epidermal or hypodermal. The latter only are capable of being 
influenced (voluntarily or otherwise) by the insect, and it may be possible to 
prove that the so-called mimetic colours are all hypodermal. Patterns or 
markings on the body mostly represent underlying muscles, and may be 
caused by the development of the latter creating a greater oxidation of the 
neighbouring parts j those on the wings are probably caused by the sudden 
rush of fluids in the act of transformation [but they appear in miniature long 
before that act in the Lepidoptera, and do not appear until some time after it 
in the Coleoptera and some other orders]. 
Heyden, L. von. Bericht iiber die von Herren Dr. Noll und 
Dr. Grenacher auf Tenerife gesammelten Insekten. Ber, 
senck. Ges. 1872, pp. 74-90. 
A few species of all orders are enumerated, with particulars as to their 
geographical distribution &c. 
Kaltenbach, J. H. Die Pflanzenfeinde ans der Klasse der 
Insekten. — I. Stuttgart : 1872, 8vo, pp. 288, woodcuts. 
This work (reviewed in Ent. M. M. ix. p. 22 ; B. E. Z. xvi. p. 396) com- 
mences a revised edition, under an entirely difierent arrangement, of the au- 
thor's work on the same subject in Verb. Ver. Rheinl. The insects are dis- 
cussed under the headings of the plants which they respectively attack; 
and the present portion includes from the Ranunculacece to Daueus. 
Lichtenstetn, J. Manuel d'Entomologie, a Pusage des horti- 
culteurs du midi de la France. Montpellier : 1872, 8vo, 
83 pp. 
Reviewed in Pet. Nouv. no. 57, p. 229. 
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