338 
INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA. 
On sexual variation in Papilio, of. C. Oberthur, Pet. Nouv. 1872, p. 220. 
Papilio machaon : formation of tracheae, scales, &c., in the pupa, at different 
stages. H. H. Higgins, Nature, v. p. 204. 
S. H. ScuDDER (Rep. Peab. Ac. iv. pp. 64-66) recharacterizes and restricts 
the genera LaertiaSj Hiibn., Pterurus, Scop., Euphaides and Iphiclides, 
Hiibn., and Amaryssus, Dalm., and indicates Papilio philenor, troilus, glaucus, 
podalirius, and machaon as their respective types. 
Guenee (Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. xxi. pp. 370-379) describes Papilio xeno- 
damas, Hiibn., var. ?, notices P. neptunus, Guer., and redescribes P. photinus, 
Doubl. He also remarks on the structure of P. corethrm and duponcheli, 
describes both sexes, and figures the females (plate, figs. 3 & 4). 
Prof. Westwood describes several new species and varieties (Tr. E. Soc. 
1872, pp. 85-110), and remarks on Pajnlio crino, P. palitiurus, Fab. { = hrama, 
Guer., = re ffulus, StoU), P. dcedalus, Feld. (=palimii'us, Guei\), P. no.t, c? 
(pi. 4. fig. 2, outline), and P. zenobia, Fab., Don. P. thersander, Don., is a fic- 
titious species. 
Papilio demoleus has been artificially introduced into Mauritius : Vinson, 
P. R. Soc. Maur. (2) vi. p. 30. Larva described by Vinson & Guenee, Voy. 
Mad. Annexe F, p. 33. 
P. idalion, Feld., = P. cymochles, Doubl., $ : W. F. Kirby, J. R. Dubl. Soc. 
vi. p. 65. 
P. hrutus. Pupa described by Guenee, /. c. (1865). 
P. podalirius. P. zanclceus, ZeU., is a second brood : De Selys Longchamps, 
Ann. Ent. Belg. xv. p. 94. 
P. ptolymnestor, var. : Kirby, /. p. 64. 
P. calverleyi, Grote. W. H. Edwards now considers it distinct from P. 
asterias : Syn. N. Amer. Butt. p. 51. 
Armandia, Blanch., is intermediate between Thais and Papilio, and re- 
places Serieinus in Mou-pin : A. David, N. Arch. Mus. vii. p. 96. 
Thais deyrollii, Oberthur, redescribed and figured by him : R. Z. xxiii. 
p. 481, pi. 21. f. 1 & 2. 
On the affinity of Thais with Parnassius and Zeyris, and on the pouch in 
the $s of Par7iassius and Eurycus, cf. R. P. Murray, P. E. Soc. 1872, 
p. 34. 
Parnassius and Doritis. Newman places these as a family, Doritidcc, be- 
tween the Pieridce and Hesperiidce (Zool. s. s. vii. p. 2890), but elsewhere 
(pp. 2880 & 2893) shows an inclination to regard them as moths. 
Parnassius apollo. On its pupation, cf. M. Taschler, Ber. St. Gall. Ges. 
1869-1870, p. 87. Supposed to have been taken at Epping [an impossible 
locality], cyf. G. B. Holmes, Ent. vi. p. 39. 
P. cversmanni, M^netr. A specimen from Alaska described and figured by 
W. H. Edwards, Butt. N. Amer. Parn. pi. 4. figs. 6 & 7. 
P. ylacialis, Butler, figured and described : Lep. Ex. p. 88, pi. 34. 
fig. 1. 
P. mnemosyne, var., from Asia Minor, described by C. Oberthur, R. Z. xxiii. 
p. 481. 
P. smintheus, Doubl. W. II. I^dwards figures different varieties of this 
species, with wliich he unites P. sayi and P. behri. He also remarks on its 
habits and variation, on the pouch in the ^ of Parnassius, &c. The egg and 
