222 
INSECTA. 
Insects used as food: general remarks by J. de Gaulle, Feuill.Nat. iii. 
p. 125. 
In Asa Gray's " Botany for Young People," Part II. (Salem, Mass.: 12mo, 
pp. 46, 40 cuts), is an account of the way in which insects are employed 
for the good of plants. 
Fertilization of plants by insect agency [see H. Muller, siqjrd'j : 
W. E. Hart, Nature, viii. pp. 49 & 50, 121, 244, figs. 1 & 2, F. E. 
Kitchener, I. c. p. 143, A. T. Myers, L c. p. 202, A. W. Bennett, 
I. c. p. 403, all in connection with Viola ; W. A. Forbes. I. c, Orchids ; 
H. MiiLLER, 1. c. p. 161, W. E. Hart, I. c. p. 162, F.E. Kitchener, I. c. 
p. 143, and an anonymous note, I. c. p. 121, all on Nepeta glechoma ; 
T. H. Farrer, I. c. p. 162, Lotus. F. B. White, J. of Botany, Jan. ' 
1873, on distribution by insects, chiefly Lepidoptera (also Am. Nat. vii. 
p. 268) ; on insect fertilization of Ericce and other plants with pulverulent 
pollen, Ann. N. H. (4) xii. p. 436 (abstr. of Kerner's paper, Arch. Sci. Nat. 
xlvii. p. 302). 
For plan of an exhibition of the useful and noxious insects of North 
France, cf. Bull. Soc. L. N. Fr. 1872, p. 144, 1873, p. 187. 
Economic entomology : note, Nature, vi. (1872) p. 197. 
Insect-galls produced in Scotland are briefly described by J. W. H. 
Traill, Scot. Nat. ii. pp. 30-32, 78-80, 126-128, 170-173. 
Fungoid growth. J. Peyritscii, SB. Ak. Wien, lx\dii. pt. i. 
pp. 227-254, pis. i.-iii., discusses the origin and growth of Laboulhenia 
in various insects, especially Carahidce, ; in continuation of a former notice 
by him, op. cit. Ixiv. (1871) pt. 1, pp. 441-458, pis. 2, in which the same 
fungus is described in connection with Diptera. 
The sea from Tunis to Italy covered with dead butterflies, moths, and 
dead dragonflies during a period of 5 days. J. S. Walker: Ent. vi. 
p. 457. 
Geographical distribution. De Selys Longchamps {Lepidoptera), OR. 
Ent, Belg. xvi. pp. xxii.-xxv., advocates the adoption of an exact 
statistical local fauna, refusing to accept Staudinger's 60 per cent, as a 
definition of limit. Roelofs, op. cit. pp. xxv.-xxix. discusses the theories 
of Koch & Murray. De Borre, op. cit. pp. xliii.-liii., generalizes, and 
advocates the formation of groups of faunas. General observations also 
by V. Kiesenwetter, SB. Ges. Isis, 1871-2, p. 171. 
Captures : — In the Glenelg Valley, Inverness; P. Cameron, Scot. Nat, 
ii. p. 61. East Berwickshire (Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera) : J. 
Hardy gives a list in continuation of former accounts, with notes of 
localities, &c. ; P. Berw. Club, vii. pp. 138-142. Cheviot Hills : a similar 
list, id. op. cit. pp. 152-156. Upper Carinthia: Coleoptera and Hemiptera 
observed by Gehin, Puton, & Tsciiapeck ; Pet. Nouv. p. 360. In 
A.Becker's 'Reise nach Baku, Lenkoran, Derbent, Madschalis, Kasum 
Kent, Achty,' Bull. Mosc. xlvi. 1, pp. 255-258, are lists of Lepidoptera 
and Coleoptera observed. Caucasus and eastern coast of the Caspi.an : 
J. Faust, Bull. Ent. Ross. ix. pp. x.-xii. Results of excursions to the 
wood of Ficuzza and other places in Sicily recorded by G. P. Marott, 
Bull. Ent. Ital. v. pp. 180-197. Italy and S. France : F. Walker con- 
tinues his notes ; Ent. vi. pp. 278, 403. California: G. R. Crotch, Pet. 
Nouv. p. 311. 
