GENERAL NOTES. 37I 
Grote criticises the classification proposed in Wallengren s 'Lepidop- 
tera Scandinaviae Heterocera'; Bull. Buff. Soc. i. pp. 183 & 184. 
Mary Trent asserts that if larvae are supphed with plenty of food the 
perfect insects wiU be nearly all females ; and that if the larvae are 'half 
starved, nearly all are males : Am. Nat. vii. pp. 129-132. C. V Riley 
details experiments opposed to these results : op. cit. pp. 513-521 
On rearing larvae; E. Lehevi-e, Pet. Nouv. 1873, p. 275. 
On venomous caterpillars : A. Murray and others, Nature, viii pp 7 8 
44, 45. 101, 102, 303, 466, 467, 487. fp- ' » 
On cannibaHsm (designated 'Autophagy ' and ' Campephagy') in the larvae 
of Scopelosoma satellitia, Cosmia trapezina, and Crocallis elinguaria, cf 
E. Dele^ert, Bull. Soc. Vaud. xi. pp. 366-369. A larva of S. satellitia 
seemed to feel no pain while being devoured alive by one of C. trape- 
zina ■ and when the protruding intestines of the former were presented 
to Its own mouth, it began to devour itself until there were only 3 seg- 
ments left [! ?]. The larva most relished by Cosmia trapezina is that of 
the destructive Chimatohia hrumata. 
Kalender thinks that the hybernation of larvae which usually pass the 
winter m that state is not indispensable to their development • S E Z 
xxxiv. pp. 366 & 367. • • . ^. 
Floods and hybemating larva ; G. B. Corbin, Ent. vi. pp. 414 & 415 
R. Meldola {supra, p. 219) records the result of experiments on the 
loss of weight in pupae of Bomhyx quercus, and in the pup^ and perfect 
insects of Liparis dispar during definite periods. The loss of substance 
m the pupa state differs in amount in different individuals of the same 
species, when exposed to the same temperature; and is less in amount 
than that occurring in the perfect state of the same species, or in a dead 
pupa by desiccation. The variation in the loss is sufficient to make it 
probable that the size, or at least the specific gravity of the imago will be 
influenced by it. In the case of PapiUo ajax, the size of the variety is 
directly instead of inversely proportioned to the ratio of the pupal to 
the larval period, and vice versa, though a priori we should expect the 
contrary. He adds suggestions for the management of future observa- 
tions, and for the elimination of disturbing factors likely to interfere 
with the accuracy of the results. 
On larvae injurious to crops in Germany, with special reference to 
Z\ fn. ' (abridged, Verb. Ver. Regensb. xxvi. 
pp. 104-106. 
On damage caused by the larvae of various Lepidoptera in forests of 
IZTUt ^' I^^rP- PP- 238 & 239, 
On butterflies flying against the wind in Ceylon • E W H Hold^, 
worth, Ent. vi. pp. 330-332. • • vv . in. iioicls- 
On the different modes of flight of New England butterflies, and on 
their positions when at rest: C. S. Minot, P. Bost. Soc. xiv. pp 55 
& 56. 
On the influence of heat on the development of chrysalides: Y 
Glhiham, Bull. Ent. Ital. v. pp. 69-72. 
De Borre gives an abridged translation of the Recorder's paper on the 
