374 
LEPIDOPTERA. 
land ; S. E. Z. xxxiv. pp. 157-184) remarks on the general character 
of the northern Fauna, and notices several butterflies in considerable 
detail. 
Additions to the Fauna of St. Petersburg; N. Erschoff, Hor. Ent. 
Ross. ix. p. 160. 
Captures: — Riga (additions to Fauna), by A. Dihrik, S. E. Z. xxxiv. 
pp. 113, 114 ; Lenkoran, Madschalis& Derbent, by A. Becker, Bull. Mosc. 
xlvi. pp. 256 & 257. 
Asia. 
G. Koch has published a new edition of ' Die Indo- Australische Lepi- 
dopteren-Fauna ' (Berlin: 1873, pp. xix. 119, coloured plate and map). 
It is merely a reprint of the first edition (1865), even the paging being 
identical, with the addition of a map republished from Geogr. MT. 
1870 (c/. Zool. Rec. vii. pp. 368, 372-374), and an additional preface, in 
which the author dissents from Bates's theory of "mimicry" [which he 
has misunderstood, having been misled by the literal meaning of the 
word], and suggests that variation in Lejndojjtera is due to chemical 
changes in the pupa, caused by differences of food during the larval 
state. 
H. Christoph has published an important paper on the Lepidoptera of 
North Persia, with descriptions of many new species. Hor. Ent. Ross. x. 
pp. 3-55, pi. 1 (the plate, though quoted in the text, and, for convenience, 
in the present Record, was published in 1874). 
W. Atkins publishes ' Notes on Southern Indian Lepidoptera,' Ent. vi. 
pp. 446-448, 474-476, 506-509, 542-544. 
H. Deuce has published a list of the collections of Diurnal Lepidoptera, 
made by Mr. Lowe in Borneo, with descriptions of new species (P. Z. S. 
1873, pp. 337-361, pis. 32 & 33), 301 species are enumerated; 29 of which 
are described as new. 
Africa. 
C. Ward (' African Lepidoptera, being descriptions of new species, 
with illustrations,' London: Feb. 1873, 4to, pt. 1, pp. 10, 6 col. plates) 
has commenced a work to illustrate new or rare species of butterflies 
received by him from Africa and Madagascar. 
Snellen (Tijdschr. Ent. (2) viii. pp. 71-74) enumerates 11 Ehopalocera, 
2 Noctuce, 1 Fyralis, and 1 new Geojnetra, captured by J. Keulemans on 
Prince's Island, in the Gulf of Guinea. 
On the Lepidoptera of St. Vincent's (Cape Verdes) ; Weyenbergh, Ent. 
M. M. X. pp. 121, 122. 6 small species noticed, 1 new. Both the Fauna and 
Flora are poorer now than in former years. 
A. Gerstiickcr gives a list of 40 Lepidoptera from Zanzibar. Von dor 
Decken's Reiscn in Ost Afrika, iii. pt. 2, pp. 363-384, pis. xv. cv: xvi. 
[Ante, p. 216]. Most of the new species previously described in Arcli. f. 
Nat. xxxvii. pp. 359-361, are figured. 
On the scarcity of Lepidoptera in Equatorial Central Africa ; J . A. 
Grant, P. Geogr. Soc. xlii. p. 304. 
Australasia. 
G. Masters has published a " Catalogue of the described Diuni;il 
