OF THE FORTH DISTRICT, 
429 
minute portion of orange-coloured matter. Similar remarks 
apply to the shells of the upper district. 
Sp. 3, Clay immediately over the shell-layer. The gene- 
ral features of this lamellated clay under high-water mark 
are shewn in Fig. 1. Plate XII. 
Sp. 4. — Clay from a a being darker when recent, than 
the adjoining. The colours refer to its appearance, when 
moist y Fig. 1. 
Sp. 5. — Shells from clay-section of 10 feet, formed by 
the river at Ross, opposite Meiklewood, upper district, in- 
cluded in eight parallel layers of the clay, occupying about 
as many inches. The layer immediately under, so closely 
resembles clay-ironstone in colour, and angular fracture (if 
the term be admissible), that it might be, at first sight, 
mistaken for it, although but little harder than the others. 
Dip N. ; declination 2° E., descending more rapidly at 
the east end, v/here it presents the following general fea*- 
tures : Fig. 2. 
«, Position of shell-layers. 
Sp. 6.- — Shells found in abundance in surface-drains at 
Drip farm. Shells similar to these are found in the carse-clay 
at many other places, some of them ten miles farther up the 
valley : Also in the lower district, at Grangemouth, in strata 
12 inches in thickness, which crop out in sundry places. 
The following Specimens and Remarks relate to the Sand 
and Gravel Deposits which appear on the margin cf the 
C arse-Clay of the Lower District. 
At Ballasthill sand-pit, near Canal-bridge, Falkirk, a 
knoll of sand and gravel is wrought for ballast, and pre- 
sents a section about 40 feet by 300 in length. Towards the 
