PUNGRAWAH TO KUIltUL. 29 
of hills is seen in front, and on the left hand, much higher 
than any previously passed in the route, and which, instead 
of having peaked summits, are crowned with a flat table- 
land. About eight miles from the road, on one of the most 
conspicuous of these, to the left, stands the celebrated Fort 
of Callinger. We still find at Kurtul peaked hills composed 
of granite, similar to those at Banda, Gerawiah, and Pun- 
grawah ; and besides this, masses of a bluish-coloured trap 
are met with, and boulders scaling off in concentric layers. 
This trap-rock appears to l;ave been at one time extensive, 
and I could trace a superficial stratum over the granite for 
some way up the hill. What remains of it rests on that 
rock without any distinct arrangement. The whole seems 
much affected by the action of the elements; and it is 
probable that, from this cause, a very large formation has 
been removed, and reduced to soil. Many of the granite- 
blocks here are also fast going into decay, and the soil of 
the district adjoining appears to be entirely derived from 
this source. Its colour is sandy-red, that of the felspar ; 
and in this red sand, as a basis, are contained a great many 
small quartz-crystals, which still remain entire and unaltered 
in their structure. And the chalcedonic pebbles, found at 
the bottom of the hill, appear to have been imbedded in 
some rock, which had likewise at a former period rested 
over the granite. They are of the same nature as the peb- 
bles found in the bed of the river Kane, so much admired 
on account of their beautiful variegated appearance and 
lustre when cut. 
After leaving Kurtul, the road strikes into a wood of low 
trees, flanked on both sides by hills with flat summits ; and, 
for the first time, we observe pieces of sandstone scattered 
over the path, mixed with broken blocks of granite, and 
the more complete detritus forming the soil. On one hill. 
