LIMESTONE FORMATION. 
Lohargong, I discovered a mass of rock apparently con- 
sisting of alternate layers of limestone and sandstone ; and 
jsoon limestone strata were found projecting from the 
ground, having, in many places, a very thin covering of 
soil, and scarcely any vegetation over it. The bareness of 
the plain here is altogether remarkable, and cannot fail to 
strike the traveller, after passing over the jungle district to 
the north. The effect of the limestone on the soil appears 
unfavourable. It does not undergo decomposition; and, 
in place of being soft and corroded like the sandstone, the 
strata, I observed, were exceedingly compact, and the sur- 
face of all the exposed masses rounded off, with a sort of 
semi-vitrescent structure, as if the rock had undergone 
fusion. The aspect of the whole district about the canton- 
ment is barren and desolate, nothing but a reed or rushy 
grass being seen, and very little of the ground in a state of 
cultivation. It is not easy to discover the arrangement of 
this rock, as there are no elevations or ravines to give an 
opportunity of examining it minutely. The limestone for- 
mation, as 1 have since ascertained, is of great extent; 
traces of it are found about 70 miles to the west, on the 
Sangar route ; and it is probable that it stretches to the bot- 
tom of the hills to the eastward of Lohargong, occupying 
the greater part of the basin inclosed, and formed by the 
ranges on both sides here. 
A few miles to the south and west of Lohargong, the 
ground becomes more moist and clayey, and this change is 
quickly explained by the appearance of a coarse schistose 
sandstone, which I found very abundant here. It seems, 
however, to contain also a large proportion of calca- 
reous earth. On crossing the Cane, near the village of 
Kopah, the thin horizontal layers of this rock are very 
conspicuous on each side, and the bed of the river seems to 
pass through it The Cane here is rather more than 100 
