NEW AllUANGEMENT OP 
MUSCI. 
Def. Fructification double; lateral or terminal, and 
generally surrounded by leaves differing in form from 
those of the rest of the plant. 
I. Theca unilocular, one or four valved, furnished with 
an operculum and calyptra. The operculum is either ad- 
nate, as in Phascum, Voitia, and Andrcea ; or deciduous 
from the mature theca, and then dispiaying the mouth, or 
stoma, of the latter, which is either naked, or variously 
furnished with a membrane, or fringe {cilia, dentes). The 
calyptra, when young, envelopes the theca, but, as it ad- 
vances to maturity, tears transversely through the middle ; 
the lower portion is then called vaginula, and is perma- 
nent ; while the upper part, or true calyptra, accompanies 
the theca, even when it is raised by a seta or fruit-stalk, 
and is more or less fugacious, very rarely persistent. Spo~ 
rules generally very numerous, without spiral filaments, 
and, with a few apparent exceptions, surrounding a central 
columella. Columella variously modified, generally cylin- 
drical, sometimes with large longitudinal plicae or folds, 
and, in some instances, so expanded at its summit as near- 
ly to close the stoma of the theca. 
II. Small pedicellated, reticulated Bodies; they are 
either enveloped in leaves of a peculiar form, or are entire- 
ly naked : in the one case, the whole stem, or caulis, is 
closely beset with leaves ; in the other, the leaves become 
gradually smaller, so as ultimately to disappear consider- 
ably below the capitula, or little heads, which these masses 
