Hardman — Native Weapons and Implements from Australia, 67 
The great amount of curve, measuring 5 to 6 inclies, is noticeable. 
It will also be observed that they are built in a straight plane. 
(Plate II., figs. 1 and 1'.) 
On the other hand, the war Kylies or Jilihers^ which are returning 
ones, have a very perceptible twist, and the curve measurement is 
only 2^ to 3J inches. (Plate ii., fig. 2.) 
The Kylie or Jihler is usually thrown with the point forward, and 
horizontally, a certain inclination being given to it as it is required 
to rise in the air, or the reverse. 
Club. — I^ext in order comes '(h^Nowala or Ngowla (Plate ii., fig. 7), 
known as the Dowak in the south. This is used both as a shillelagh 
and a missile, being often known as the throwing-stick, and used 
in the fashion of **Aunt Sally" sticks, is generally a formidable 
weapon. 
Defei^sive "Weapons. 
These are represented by shields, which are called Carrlina in the 
Kimberley language. 
The Carrlina is 2 feet 5|- inches long, and only 4|- inches wide. 
(See Plate ii., fig. 3.) It is made, I think, from the Capput tree, and 
is ornamented in front by a series of vertical grooves, and on the re- 
verse by a combination of vertical and zig-zag lines, forming a regular 
and elaborate pattern. This pattern is extremely interesting, show- 
ing, as it does, a marked resemblance to the chevron and diamond 
scroUings on some of our ancient Irish monuments. I shall refer to this 
later on ; but may mention that this shield is for an Australian one 
somewhat unique, as it is not usual in the southern districts to have 
any markings on the back of the shield. With this slight defence, the 
natives can ward off spears and other missiles, although quickly and 
skilfully thrown. As a test, a native protected with one of these 
shields stood at a distance of twenty yards, while the manager of the 
Guda station threw with all his strength some twenty small pebbles, 
yet all were caught on the shield save one, which struck the native. 
Implements not "Weapons. 
&tone Tomahawhs. — Three of these, which are known in the Kim- 
berley dialect as Uahna, are shown in Platen., figs. 8, 12, 12', 13, 13', 
and their resemblance to Irish forms is very remarkable. They are 
usually formed of fine-grained basalt, rudely chipped, but worked 
to a fine edge. One specimen (fig. 13) is of hard grit, and exactly 
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