176 
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academtj. 
plentifully found in the old surface, mixed up with the other objects 
I have mentioned. In digging over the black layer I mostly used a 
garden trowel, and took the greatest care in examining the smallest 
object, and though the majority of the various articles were found 
loose on the surface, I have obtained a large series of all the classes 
enumerated directly from the old surface. It is a mistake to call the 
implements obtained from this old surface palaeolithic, but flakes and 
cores of an older series are found lying along the shore of the bay. 
These are greatly weathered, and are easily known by their reddisii- 
brown crust. That they were old and crusted when the neolithic 
flint-workers occupied the sand-hills is evidenced by the numbers 
which have been re-worked by these people. In many flakes we will 
find the old weathered surface of the older core on one side, and the 
fresh fracture made by the later people on the other side. "We cannot, 
however, say that even this older series is palaeolithic, as they are not 
found in connexion with remains of any extinct animal. Although 
flint was abundant, it did not prevent these ancient people of the sand- 
hills from working up other rocks into implements, as I obtained 
some objects made from the hardened chalk and altered lias. I have 
made several visits to "Whitepark Bay during the past year, in the 
interest of the Academy, and have obtained 11 hammer-stones, 1 
anvil-stone, of regular oval shape, indented on both sides, which is 
shown in PI. xii., fig. 5 ; 3 rude choppers, 60 scrapers, 2 cores, and 
1 bone pin, shown in PI. xii., fig. 6, besides fragments of pottery and 
flakes. I figure another small anvil-stone of chalk from "Whitepark 
Bay. (See PL xit., fig. 2.) This is a very small implement of this class, 
but that shown in fig. 5 of PL xii. is about medium size. Some are 
large and irregular in shape, as in the case of an example presented 
from Buncrana. As anvil-stones are little known, and generally over- 
looked, I figure several specimens from the different stations. A 
small flint axe from Whitepark Bay is shown in PL xi., fig. 4. 
The Causeway. 
There are sand-hills between the Giant's Causeway and Bushmills, 
but the old surface has not been laid bare in any of the pits which I 
have examined. The sand-hills have, however, been occupied by the 
flint-working coast tribes, as can be seen very plainly in a section 
formed a few years ago to obtain material for making an avenue to 
Lord M'lS'aghten's new residence. The gravel of the raised beach, 
