396 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
300 years previously from the Vene%aras ( Vanjdrds or Brinjdrds), and 
the CoIIes {Tfolis, whence Cooly) who, like the Reishitos (Kajputs) live 
by thieving to this day, and are unsubdued, and receive blackmail 
from the kings in the vicinity of the regions occupied by them. 
Although the remainder of this account contains much of interest 
it need not further be dealt with here, as it is all reproduced in 
Linschoten, chap. 27, and has been annotated in the recent edition of 
his travels, published by the Hakluyt Society (1885, vol. i., pp. 165- 
l74). It is so confused and incorrect, however, that the editors remark 
that "it would take too much space to correct it fully." Garcia's 
historical information was evidently obtained from ignorant natives. 
(4). Do enxadrez e de suas pegas. 
(Concerning chess and chessmen.) 
Garcia says that in playing chess natives say xa (i.e. shah) or king, 
instead of xeque {sheiJch) for our check. The queen they call goazir 
{vazir), the bishop, fl (i.e. elephant), the knight, guora (i.e. ghora 
= horse), which he incorrectly says also means elephant, the roque (our 
castle, rooh) roch ha, and the pawn {piada d^ndi peon = a foot soldier). 
COLLOQUY X. his. 
Do Betee.^ 
[Betel. — Leaves of Chavica letel^ Mig.] 
Betre in Malabari ; fam {pan) in Deccani, Gujarati, and Canarese ; 
ciri in Malaio (Borneo ?) ; temhal by Avicena. 
Garcia says he never could overcome the dislike to betel which he 
experienced when he tasted it on his first arrival in India, though many 
Portuguese use it. It is eaten mixed with areca nut, lime, Bornean 
camphor, aloes, hutch, or catechu, and ambergris. He says the Mzam 
Shah expended 3000 cruzados^ upon it annually, it being then (as now) 
presented at the conclusion of interviews. 
He says the Indians are in the habit of keeping the nail of the 
right thumb pointed and sharp, in order to remove the midrib of the 
leaf. Betel was regarded as an aid to digestion, and a powerful 
aphrodisiac. 
1 This is put in the 1872 edition in its proper place, having been erroneously 
printed at the end in the original Goa edition, as is pointed out by the author 
himself. 
2 The cruzado was worth from 2*. dd. to 2s. lOd. 
