408 
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 
He concludes by saying that there are more elephants in Africa 
than there are cows in Europe. He describes the method of their 
domestication and capture in India, and their use in war ; and he 
combats the common but erroneous idea as to the mode of their sexual 
intercourse, adding, as others have done since, that the male generally 
takes advantage of higher ground at the time, the female standing below. 
He confirms Pliny's account of the superiority of the elephants of 
Tajprobana^ provided he meant Ceylon, and not Sumatra, thereby. 
The training was effected by whips, abuse, and hunger, combined with 
kindness and good treatment. 
[Eeferences. — Cliisius {Acosfa), p. 17; Zinsehoten, p. 1; Ainslie, 
II., p. 479 ; Khory, p. 101.] 
COLLOQUY XXII. 
(1) Ho rATJPEL (2) E DOS TlGOS DA InDIA. 
(1) Faufel — The nuts of Areca catechu, Linn. 
Called faufel and filfel {fofal) by the Arabs ; pac {paah) in Malabar ; 
areca by the JN'airs ; supdri by the Gujaratis and Deccanis ; chacani, a 
small variety in Cochin ; pina {penang) in Malacca ; poa% {puwdh) in 
Ceylon ; areca and avelam da India by the Portuguese. 
Garcia describes the use of areca as a masticatory when combined with 
cati {ctitch), lime and the leaf of the hetel, and where the latter is not 
obtainable cloves are siibstituted. A good kind is found at Chaul, but 
the best was from the Island of Mombain (Bombay, see Coll. xxxiv.), 
which, he adds, was leased to him by the King of Portugal. He says, 
that the tree was only found in two parts of Arabia, namely, Xael 
(Shael or Zeyla in Africa) and Dofar (Darfur). He says that the nut, 
if eaten when green, causes intoxication. Eaten with the betel, &c., 
it purges the head and stomach, and comforts the gums and teeth. 
The nobility add camphor, eagle wood {see Coll. xxx.), and ambergris 
to the other ingredients. He says he used distilled infusion of areca 
with success in choleraic diarrhoea. 
[References. — Clusius (Acosta), p. 34 ; Zinsehoten, i., pp. 213, 214; 
II., pp. 62, 68 ; Pontius and Piso, lib. vi., p. 90, fig. ; Ainslie, n., 
p. 268 ; FlucMger and Hanhury, p. 607 ; Khory, p. 531.] 
(2) Dos figos da India — Indian figs. 
[The Plantain, Musa sapientum. Linn.] 
The above title for the plantain is commonly used by early writers 
