430 
Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
Irish, where the relative pronoun, if set down, would express a 
nominative or accusative. The rule is : — 
In WHO-clauses, use the 3rd SG. as the Relative form for EITHER SG. 
OR PL, in all the tenses, save Pres. (and Fut.), where we must 
use the ending -Af (and -VAf); while in WHOM-clauses and in 
the SUBORDINATE-clause, the 3rd PL. must be used in all the 
tenses in connexion with a PLURAL NOMINATIVE. 
The following examples, from the Keating, of the oc- 
currence of this ending -a]^ [e^f], will probably suffice for 
practice : — 
beAHAf, 28, 22; bjAeojAf, 21, z ; ^iMfeAf, 21, y ; biojAf, 21, y; bi'of, 
3,15 ; 4,10 ; 6,12 ; 10,19 ; 12, 23 ; 18,19 ; 14, 3 ; 1(5, 22 ; 17,19 ; 18,io ; 22, I ; 
&c. ; b|AAiceAf, 6, 31; cAomnAf, 21,5; ciAlUiijeAf, 2,2; ceAimfingeAf, 
24,27; ceileAf, 7,11; coi'oeo'LA-p {fut.) 24,8; ctii|AeAf, 18,30; CAilleAf, 
27, 31 ; •otigeAf, 0, 28 ; eAjAf, 19, 22 ; -pAgljAf [as if from simple root fAgb-], 
19, w; -puiAAileAf, f9, 2 ; -peA-OAf, 22,15 ; ^AljAf, 16,7 ; pAtlAf, 18, x ; leigeAf, 
7,5; Lin^eAf, 16,7; UiAitjeAf, 17, 10; iriAi|\eAf, 12,26; irumgeAf, 24,27; 
fAACAf {fut.) 33,22; fAoiteAf, 17,16; fiLeAf, 28,7; ftnuAineAf, 11, 12 ; 
frngeAf, 4,17; ceil^eAf, 26,2; ceApiiAf, 10, 17; 16,w ; 17,I5 ; 26, i ; 27,5; 
28, y ; &c. ; ceigeoniAf {fut.), 19, 19; c|VAOCAf, 16,8; c|\ei5eAf, 11,9; 
ctnueAf, 3, 21 ; cti|MiAf, 26,7. 
As for the structure almost any paragraph of the work will 
demonstrate the reality of the rule here laid down ; but for 
convenience I quote one passage : — 
mo c)\UA§, 1]^ eAt) if ii6f 'ooib, 
AtriAiL ■oogni'o riA TieAgcjAAibcig, An 
CAti Accltiini'o 'fAti •peAiim6i-|A, coi|Ae 
cpotriA "o'a ^cnf\ 1 teic ah -pobAit, 
5U|\Ab eAt) AoeiiMt) gti^v \\Mf An ci'-]"e 
no iAif An CI eibe beAnAit) fiAt), 7 
m' uuijitD lAt) -pem -oo beiu cioncAc 
lonncA. ITlAp pn, An CAn Acci't) An 
c-eAg Ag; b|Aeic a 5coiriA]Af An, pAOibit) 
gUjAAb o|A|\A fin AtiiAin bi'of a c6i]a. 
5i'6eA'D if c]AtiA5 nAc cuiji'o nA 
OCA jUjAAb lonAnn eibiugAt) An 
eA^A A]A 5AC Aon bei|\eAf An bAp, 7 
A)\ An '0|\tiin5 ihAi|\eAf -d'a n-eif 1 
gcoiccinne; lonntif nAc bi' ceA|\mAnn 
1 gcionn Aon-'ouine feAc a ceite 
Aige. — " U]Ai' l)io|v-5Aoice An l3Aif," 
I. ii. 28 (p. 22, 20). 
' ' Ah, me ! it is their wont to behave 
as do the unbelievers, when they hear 
in a sermon of heavy sins being laid to 
the charge of the people : they say, that 
such sins refer to so-and-so or to some 
other person, and they do not realise that 
it is they themselves who are guilty 
therein. In like manner, when they 
see death seizing their neighbours, they 
think that it is over these only his right 
extends. And pity it is that these 
wretched folk do not comprehend that 
he hath the same claim on everyone, 
alike over those whom he now seizeth 
and over the general multitude that 
remaineth behind; so that there is no 
defence against him to any one person 
more than to his fellow." 
