turbed soil in another part of the cave were found two 
naolars of a bear, other carnivorous teeth, and a tusk, 
also the prong of a deer's antltr. In all, 200 flint 
flake?, including some " scrapere," and two or three 
" coves " from which they appeared to have been re- 
moved, were found, and larger flaky amorphous pieces 
of the same greenish, spotted, cherty trap, of which the 
largest flakes were composed. The cave itself had been 
thrown olf and aside, apparently by the elevation of a ridge 
the Old Red, extending about ten miles between Tenby and 
rembroke. A valley, with a rivulet at the bottom, extended 
at the base of the limestone clifiE, and this valley was at the 
present day liable to be flooded at spring tides. The paper 
was concluded by a few surmises, conclusions, and sug- 
gestions offered by Mr. Smith. The limestone having been 
formed soft and horizontal on the sea bed and then elevated, 
all the animals whose bones have been collected in the cave 
must have lived and multiplied before the sea washed into it 
again. Also, these remains in general were carried into the 
cave by the larger carnivora, though possibly by man, the 
flint flake maker. With respect to the relative date of the 
deposits, no conclusion could be drawn, except that they con- 
tinued from the time the cave bear, hippopotamus, &c., were 
indigenous until the present. As the tumuli on the ridge 
above the cave contained flint arrowheads, probably the race 
of men who used the flints were not far to seek, and apropos 
of flint knives, a reference was made to a passage in the book 
of Joshua, recording the burying of flmt (sacriticial) knives 
in his tumulus. With regard to the thickness «f a stalagmite 
the author referred to the pendulous incrustations under 
railway bridges as a proof of quick formation, and he also 
inferred that floods or large volumes of water must have at 
times entered the cave to produce the results discovered. 
After reading the manuscript Mr. Pearse exhibited several 
of the bones, teeth, flint flakes, and also the halfpence which 
Mr. Smith had kindly forwarded to illustrate his paper. 
The President, Mr. Sanders, observed that, treating the 
antiquity of man as a purely scientific question, it was diffi- 
cult to estimate aright the value of such evidence as this. 
He exhibited some flints from the valley of the Somme and 
also some early British spear points, arrow heads, &c., found 
in 1835 by Mr. Francis and Mr. Gwyn Jeffries, atPaviland, 
under a thick coat of stalagmite. The evidence regarding 
the formation of stalagmite was very conflicting. Men of 
moderate views, accustomed to observe carefully, and who 
were looked np to, had come to the conclusion that these 
flints, &c., were contemporaneous with extinct animals, as 
well as with animals believed to be far more recent. Though 
the evidence from the gravel-beds might be conclusive, that 
from caves was not so. 
In the discussion which followed, Mr. Jordan elicited from 
Mr. Swayne the information that the moUusca found in the 
cave were marine, and referred to the evidence of a de- 
pression of the land for about 40 feet near Tenby. Major 
Giberne mentioned the gradual obstruction of the porosity 
of limestone by nitration, and described some oscillations in 
the level of land that he had noticed in India. Mr. A. 
Leipner explained that the rapidly-formed stalagmites under 
railway arches were due to the hydrate of lime in the 
mortar, which was many times more soluble than carbonate 
of lime. Mr. Atchley suggested that a current of air had 
probably great influence on the rate of formation of stalag- 
mite. Mr. Stoddart referred to Mr. Pengelley's paper, and 
the discovery of a copper pin under nine inches of stalagmite. 
He also confirmed Mr. Leipner's remark, and said that the 
microscopic appearance of the two kinds was very different. 
