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Crude Camphor oil. 
Crude camphor oil is made by submitting to distillation chips of 
camphor wood mixed with water. After removal, by mechanical 
means, of the camphor which crystallises out on cooling, it represents 
a transparent, bright-yellow to brownish-yellow, liquid oil, which has 
a penetrating odour. The specific gravity varies according to the 
origin and the age of the trees. Products from the provinces Izu 
and Kii, and from the older trees, generally have a higher specific 
gravity, whilst oils from Kiyushu, Riyu-Kiu, Zuschima and Tai-Wau, 
or from younger trees, show a lower specific gravity. As a rule the 
spec, gravity fluctuates between 0,95 and 0,995. 
As far as I know, refined camphor, white camphor oil, and red 
camphor oil, are only separated from the crude camphor oil in the 
districts of Osaka and Kobe. I take this opportunity to express my 
best thanks to Mr. Wakichi Ono of Osaka, for having kindly placed 
at my disposal the accompanying report on the manufacture of 
camphor (Provincial Exhibition at Kochi), as also for the material 
for examination. 
Accompanying report (Wakichi Ono of Osaka). 
The manufacture of camphor oil dates back far into past times. In my 
home, Tossa (province Kochi-Keu), the manufacture was commenced somewhere 
about the 2nd year of the Kausei; with the growing demand, camphor has 
become the principal product of the country. The oil oozing from the camphor 
tree was used by the inhabitants of the plantations for lightening purposes, — other 
uses of the oil have not been discovered. Since 1874 camphor oil has been 
sold on the market at a small profit. In January 1876 it occurred to me, as 
camphor oil resembles in many respects coal oil (probably paraffin oil), to 
improve the oil, by modifications in the manuiacturing process, to such an 
extent, that it could be sold at the same price as coal oil. 
When I accidentally discovered that a solid product separates out from 
camphor oil at ordinary temperature, I put i kiu {= 1,3 lbs.) oil in several 
porcelain dishes, and had these placed, after sunset, on an exposed, level 
surface. Next morning, before sunrise, the solid product which had separated 
out was removed from the oil by means of a filtering cloth; to my surprise 
this solid product was found to be camphor. 
By the same method I then obtained 20 kiu (about 26 lbs.) camphor from 
I koku (about 40 gallons) camphor oil. 
After having made this astonishing discovery, I hoped, by improvements 
and modifications of the apparatus, to obtain a good yield of camphor, and 
thus convert this hitherto useless oil into a valuable product, and even to make 
camphor oil a regular article of export. 
Until 1878 I tested various improvements, and finally I made the following 
arrangemen t. 
On the stove was placed a vessel somewhat like a tea-kettle with a 
capacity of about 7 scho (12,6 litres). A cooling-tub was placed alongside, 
with a kind of spiral tube made of copper entering the tub at the top and 
projecting at the bottom, which could be opened as desired by means of a 
•valve. The tub was then filled with cold water and the kettle charged with 
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