- 38 - 
present in far greater proportion, viz., up to about 50 per cent., in the 
oil from mandarin leaves, so that this oil may be considered as the 
natural source of this important perfume. The oil examined by 
Charabot, which had been obtained by steam-distillation from the 
leaves of the mandarin tree, turned the plane of polarised light 
-j-6°40^; the saponification number was 160. The ester was detected 
and isolated by Walbaum's method. Its melting point lay at 19°. 
The compound was recognised as methyl ester of methyl anthranilic 
acid by elementary analysis, and by the acid of the melting point 179^ 
occurring during saponification, which showed all the properties of 
methyl anthranilic acid. 
Mandarin Oil ^^Schimmel & Co." This product, prepared in 
accordance with our German Patents Nos. 122568 and 125308, enjoys 
already a considerable amount of favour. It is chiefly used for aro- 
matising high-quality confectionery and bonbons. 
With regard to the physiologico -chemical behaviour of methyl ester 
of methyl anthranilic acid, which represents the most characteristic 
constituent of mandarin oil, interesting experiments are mentioned on 
page 121, which experiments prove that this substance is tolerated 
by warm - blooded animals in large doses without the slightest in- 
jurious effect. 
Oil of Orange, sweet. As predicted, the conditions for the 
manufacture of this oil during the present season were very unfavour- 
able. The orange-harvest did not everywhere give satisfactory results, 
and was particularly poor in those districts, whose fruit, as compared 
with that of other districts, is characterised by low keeping-qualities, 
and w^hich is therefore chiefly used for working up into orange oil. 
Nevertheless, a good oil-content was anticipated, and sales for forward 
delivery were being made on the basis of about 11,50 marks per kilo 
cif. Trieste. 
But the first pressing trials already proved that the oil-content was 
very low, and that the manufacture at the above-mentioned price was 
bound to result in loss. The manufacture of orange oil was therefore 
not commenced with the usual energy, but was only started with a 
limited number of hands. 
A very brisk export-trade in fruit in cases, and the year by year 
increasing number of whole truck -loads sent to the Upper Italian 
markets, absorbed moreover a greater quantity of fruit for purposes 
of consumption than at other times, so that the owners of orange- 
gardens, in spite of the attractive prices of orange oil, yet found it 
more advantageous to sell the fruit for consumption than to supply it 
to the manufacturers for expression. 
