— 125 — 
Against crab-lice, the inunctions with such a lice-oil can only be re- 
commended as a subsequent treatment, after having been preceded by 
an inunction with grey ointment. 
Since patients are now frequently allowed to lie on open bal- 
conies, in halls, and even entirely in the open air, we use much more 
often remedies for banishing gnats, crane-flies, and stinging flies, 
than was previously the case. Fairly useful for such purposes are 
pieces of filtering paper, saturated with oil of cloves, and placed on a 
plate not far from the patient. But many patients find the odour of 
the oil in the long run inconvenient. For healthy persons who go out 
for walks in the gnat-season, rubbing the hat with a gnat-pencil may 
be useful. Such pencils consist mostly of a solid fat to which has been 
added anise oil, oil of cloves or anethol, eugenol, or some other strong- 
smelling essential oil. 
Clothes and collections are protected by camphor, naphthalene, oil 
of cajeput, or benzaldehyde and prussic acid. It has lately become 
known, through H. v. Soden and Rojahn^), that naphthalene, long 
known as a coal-tar product, also occurs in essential oils, for example 
in that of clove-stems. 
b) Of internal antiparasitics, those which interest us most 
in this case are worm-remedies, anthelmintics. 
Against Oxyuris vermicularis, enemas of infusions of garlic, ramsons, 
chive, onion, asafoetida, are in many cases sufficient. 
Against ascaris, the remedy now mostly used is santonin lozenges. 
But I must not refrain from mentioning that electuary of zedoary- 
seed, which was formerly employed, was very useful (although it has 
an unpleasant taste), as it brought into the field against worms both 
santonin and oil of zedoary-seed, in about equal proportions. This oil, 
acting chiefly through its cineol-content, and in this respect resembling 
oil of eucalyptus, supports, according to my observations, the action 
of santonin. These observations agree with the experience of veterinary 
surgeons. Whilst, namely, for horses or cattle, for expelling ascaris, 
lo to 25 grams santonin are required (according to Froehner)^), which 
with a santonin-content of 2 per cent, would equal a quantity of 500 
to 1250 grams worm-seed, there are, as a matter of fact, not more 
than 100 to 250 grams seed required. That the worm -treatment can 
be assisted by oil of zedoary seed is perhaps also proved by the fact 
that there exists a species of artemisia which contains an essential oil 
but no santonin, and which, according to old as well as recent 
Pharm. Ztg. 1902, p. 779- 
-) Lehrbuch der Arzneimittellehre, VPli ed. Stuttgart 1903, p. 478. 
