— 34 — 
With, regard to the principal European ports, the export of 1902 was 
made up as follows : to Rotterdam 2 210420 lbs. value 472430 rupees, London 
I 295 QIC lbs. value 253490 rupees, Hamburg 425015 lbs. value 78 172 rupees, 
and Marseilles 188475 lbs. value 39 214 rupees. 
The position of London towards Rotterdam has therefore again become 
worse. Whilst in the previous year the advantage of Rotterdam amounted to 
a little over half a million, the difference in 1902 has increased to nearly one 
million in favour of Rotterdam. The shipments to Hamburg, which up to the 
previous year had greatly fallen off from year to year, now again show a slight 
advance. The export to Marseilles is of hardly any consequence. 
The exports of clove-stems last year were 2 158942 lbs. value 106927 rupees 
to Europe, and 177252 lbs. value 9965 rupees to Asia. America has taken 
no share whatever of the 1902 exports. Of the quantities exported to Europe, 
the bulk, 1873874 lbs. was shipped to Hamburg, 46200 lbs. to London, 
27300 lbs. to Marseilles, and 201095 lbs. to Amsterdam. Rotterdam has 
imported nothing last year, but Amsterdam has taken its place. The principal 
market of clove-stems is Hamburg. 
It is clear from the foregoing Report that the last harvest of cloves, 
which commenced in September, is considered a failure, but that authentic 
and unvarnished reports as to the quantity of the crop are not yet 
available. 
It is generally believed to be chiefly due to Indian and European 
speculators who have jointly started the upward movement. But the 
artificial structure already commences to tremble, and it is most strongly 
recommended to exercise the greatest reserve in purchasing cloves and 
clove oil. 
We may here mention from a statistical point of view, that when 
in the year 1876 a natural phenomenon of unprecedented severity 
destroyed the clove-plantations, the prices of cloves advanced up to 
310 marks per 1 00 kilos, and those of clove oil up to 24 marks per 
kilo. It was not until six years later that the plantations had recovered, 
and during that crisis the quotations moved as follows : — 
Zanzibar cloves. Clove oil. 
1877 
260 marks 
per 
100 kilos. 
18 
marks 
per 
kilo 
1878 
300 
j> 
yy 
100 
yy 
18 
yy 
yy 
yy 
1879 
300 
jy 
yy 
100 
yy 
18 
yy 
yy 
yy 
1880 
280 
yy 
yy 
100 
yy 
18 
yy 
yy 
yy 
I88I 
235 
yy 
yy 
100 
yy 
16 
yy 
yy 
yy 
1882: 
190 
yy 
yy 
100 
yy 
13 
yy 
yy 
yy 
1883 
140 
yy 
yy 
100 
yy 
I I 
yy 
yy 
yy 
1884 
130 
fy 
100 
yy 
8 
yy 
yy 
yy 
1885 
1 10 
yy 
yy 
100 
yy 
7 
yy 
yy 
yy 
1886 
120 
yy 
yy 
100 
yy 
7-5o„ 
yy 
yy 
In 1 89 1 the situation again became more normal, and the fluctu- 
ations were only unimportant until the autumn of last year, when 
from Holland operations were conducted at high pressure to bring 
