I04 
FLORA AND SYLVA 
slender prickles. Less widely- spread 
than other varieties, this is mainly con- 
fined to the mountains of southern Ari- 
zona and southern New Mexico, form- 
ing the tallest trees of these forests, with 
a massive trunk covered with thick 
reddish bark broken into great irregular 
plates, the crown of stout and twisted 
branches makingabroadly-open round- 
topped head. These trees, in which the 
leaf-clusters contain four or five leaves, 
seem to connect P. po?iderosa with P. 
a?^izonica^ which itself differs little from 
our tree save in its dwarfed proportions, 
and that two to seven leaves go to make 
up its leaf-clusters. Beside />^;//>/j-//Z?r/> 
in Lower California, other minor forms 
are peiidula^ deflexa^ and nigrica?is^ the 
last a small form keeping its branches 
longer than the other varieties. Two 
garden forms singled out for their dis- 
tinct character as seen in English parks 
are var. Parjja?ia (Highnam Court, 
near Gloucester) in which the branches 
are more numerous and thickly clothed 
than in the common kind, the leaves long 
and drooping ; and a second known as 
var. Sinclairia?ia (Pampesford Hall near 
Cambridge) which differs in having 
many sub-erect branches, clothed at 
their tips with short thick leaves which 
are quite glaucous. 
In our country the young 
trees are very sturdy, of rapid 
growth when suited as to soil and cli- 
mate, while very distinct in their long 
stout leaves, and of noble aspect. They 
are hardy in all parts of Britain, some 
of the finest examples being found in 
Scotland. Though first introduced early 
in the last century, many years passed be- 
In Europe. 
fore the Yellow Pine was much planted; 
some trees have however reached up- 
wards of 60 feet in height, with every 
promise of yielding valuable timber at 
maturity. The branches are few, coming 
in regular whorls and spreading flat until 
the tree becomes old, when they droop 
more and more, rising fold upon fold 
in a stately cone-like head. This Pine 
is rather subject to the attacks of a 
small Pine- beetle {Hylurgus pi?tiper- 
dci)., which destroys the shoots of young 
trees by boring in their heart- tissues. 
In American forests it is also infested 
by a plant parasite allied to the common 
Mistletoe, which not infrequently takes 
possession of an entire tree sprouting 
with peculiar effect from all the grow- 
ing branches. 
While Piiiuspofiderosa has been some- 
what neglected by planters, its mountain 
form Jeffrey li has been more generally 
grown in northern Europe and the 
eastern United States, where, strange 
to say, the parent is a complete failure, 
growing slowly until carried off by 
disease. But whereas in the eastern 
United States ponderosa yeffreyii is of 
faster growth, ponderosa itself would 
seem to have the advantage in Europe, 
though only partial comparison is pos- 
sible in this country owing to the fact 
xh^lPinus Jeffrey iih.2i^ been little planted 
save in Scotland. In predicting a great 
future for the Yellow Pine in France, 
Mouillefert says that at Grignon, upon 
limestone soil of quite an ordinary char- 
acter, Piiius ponderosa has grown 2 7 
feet with a girth of 2 feet in sixteen 
years, completely outstripping Corsican 
Pines, grown underthe same conditions. 
