246 
FLORA AND SYLVA 
foliage also varies much even upon old 
trees and is frequently found in two stages 
upon the same branch ; an early stage 
in which the leaves are narrowly pointed 
and prickly, and a later stage when they 
become scale-like and imbricated like 
those of a Cypress. 
Many varieties of this juniper, 
Varieties. ^ . J 1 ' 
some of which are pretty and 
graceful, have been selected for garden 
use. They are however little planted 
by Americans, who prefer the more un- 
commonevergreens. Somenurserymen 
offer the weeping variety and the Silvery 
Red Cedar (^glaucd) ; the Elegant Red 
Cedar is described as having golden- 
bronze foliage, and beside other varie- 
gated kinds there is aformcalledSchott's 
Red Cedar, which is pyramidal in habit, 
of very compact growth, and bright 
green in leaf. 
The demand for Red Cedar is 
Wood, etc. f . . , 1 
last outstripping the supply. 
Its sapwood is narrow and dingy- white 
in colour, and the heart-wood a dark 
brownish-pink or dull red. The wood 
is of an even, straight grain, light, soft, 
easily worked and yet very lasting. It 
takes a line polish, has a pleasing fra- 
grance, and is much used in the arts and 
industries, though the rapid taper of its 
trunk and the deep furrowed channels 
in the bark render the sawn planks short 
and narrow. Being very durable under- 
ground and in contact with water, poles, 
piles, and cross-ties are made of it in 
great quantities, also buckets, churns, 
and tubs, while it is used in Germany 
to make cigar-boxes. It also furnishes 
the wood for pencil-factories, and is 
used by cabinetmakers for Cedar-chests 
in which furs and woollens are stored, 
the smell of the wood banishing moth. 
The waste sawdust is made into paper 
for under-laying carpets, and a medi- 
cinal oil is distilled from the twigs, leaves, 
and wood refuse. Where other food is 
scarce in winter the leaves are given to 
sheep, which are said to thrive upon 
them even in the lambing season. The 
wood from Florida is considered the 
best and until lately more than three- 
fourths of the world's supply of pencil- 
wood was furnished by that state, but 
the mills have now almost exhausted 
the supply and have been obliged to 
move to the adjoining states. 
References. — Evelyn's Silva, vol. 2, p. 11; Loudon, 
Arboretum, vol. 4, p. 2495 ; Veitch's Manual, p. 282 ; 
Cobbett, Woodlands, par. 167 ; Sargent, Manual of North 
American Trees, p. 94 ; Journal of the R.H.S., vol. 14, 
p. 298 ; Cannon, Semer et Planter, p. 241 ; Gordon, 
Pinetum, p. 154; Woods and Forests, several notes. 
SHORTIA UNIFLORA. 
Tnisengravingof Shortia uni/Iora{pn.Q.- 
third under life-size) is from a photo- 
graph taken last April by Mr. Ruddock 
of Alnwick, from a plant growing on my 
rock-garden at " Alnbank." Compari- 
son with the coloured plate of S.galaci- 
folia in the January issue of Flora, will 
show the distinct character of the two 
species. The rari- 
( 
c 
ty of the true aS". .-r^^^ 
ii?iiflora and of 
illustrations of 
it, doubtless ac- 
counts for errors 
of description. 
During the pre- 
sent year this char- 
ming plant (like 
other things Japanese) has quite sur- 
passed itself, producing sixty blush- 
Flower (Full Size). 
