THE HARDY WILD CLEM ATI S 
255 
and narrower as to shape. Syns. Atragene 
coerulea, sibirica, and austriaca. 
C. api'ifolia. — A graceful hardy dimber of 
about 10 feet, with leaves cut into three leaf- 
lets, and dull white flowers nearly an inch across, 
appearing in August and September. China 
and Japan. It comes so near the American C. 
virginiana as to suggest an Asiatic form of that 
plant. 
C. brachiata. — A new kind of vigorous 
growth from South Africa, which has passed 
several winters in the open at the Cambridge 
Botanic Gardens but in most places would be 
safer under glass. The flowers are greenish- 
white and very sweet. 
C. calycina. — A plant often confused with C. 
cirrhosa though distinct and wild only in the 
Balearic Isles, whence its synonym of C. Bale- 
arica. An evergreen, this is hardy in the warmer 
parts of Britain and Ireland, flowering at mid- 
winter in sheltered places where its long dark- 
brown stems can be trained against a sunny 
balustrade or wall. It is worth growing if only 
for itsfinely-cutleavesofapretty bronze colour 
in winter and useful for cutting. The bell-like 
flowers open from December to March, and 
are creamy-white freckled with reddish-purple 
on the inside, and fragrant. Their size varies 
in different plants, from a little over one, to 
nearly two inches wide. 
C. campaniflora. — A plant of graceful and 
free growth from Portugal, with strong stems 
of 10 to 15 feet and leaves cut into a score or 
more of leaflets. The flowers come on long 
twining stalks from June, and though only 
about an inch across and never more than half 
open, the number of pale purple bells makes 
this an elegant climber. The seed-pods set 
freely, but are not ornamental. 
C. cirrhosa. — The Evergreen Virgin's Bow- 
er. A robust evergreen climber with strong 
rope-like stems which cover tall trees in its 
own country — the shores of theMediterranean. 
With us it is less vigorous though hardier than 
calycina^ with flowers they are less pretty and 
later in coming, and glossy green leaves which 
are broader and not cut at all, or simply divided 
in threes. The little drooping bells of white 
or greenish-yellow, covered with glossy down 
on the outside, are pretty especially while in 
bud, the pale-green pendants looking like little 
silken nuts. Only does well in the open air 
in the south of England. 
C coccinea. — 'Though strictly a form of C. 
Viorna from the Western States, this differs so 
widely from that uninteresting species that it 
may well stand apart. It is not an easy plant 
j to establish and only does well on light warm 
soilsand withabundant air andsunshine. Even 
then it takes some years to establish and needs 
feeding, with protection from slugs in early 
spring and from cold winds which induce mil- 
dew. The leaves and stems are a pretty glau- 
cousgreen and the coral-red urn-shaped flowers 
with yellow edges, appear in succession as the 
stems lengthen, springing singly from the leaf- 
axils on long stems. Owing to their fleshy 
nature the flowers last a good while and are 
very beautiful in a good form, but dingy forms 
are common and some are almost wanting in 
colour. The plant also grows well in pots, but 
is never so finely coloured under glass. Syn. 
C texensis. By crossing with lanuginosa, Pit- 
cheri, and other species, new and intermediate 
forms have been raised. 
C connata. — A stout species from a great 
elevation in the Himalayas, with leaves cut 
into three or five leaflets and pale bell-shaped 
yellow flowers in autumn, about an inch across. 
These give place to silver-grey seed plumes of 
graceful effect. 
Ccrispa. — A low-growing plant from east- 
ern North America, rising only a few feet with 
limp evergreen leaves and fragrant bell-shaped 
flowers of purple, lilac or nearly white. It is 
one of the most difficult kinds to distinguish, 
embracing forms differing as to shape and size 
1 of leaf and flowers. The flowers appear in 
I June and last till autumn, and are very variable, 
; some forms being bright and pretty and others 
not worth growing. 
C.Douglasii. — A low half-shrubbykindf rom 
\ the Rocky Mountains, with finely-cut leaves 
i and bell-like flowers an inch long, dark purple 
inside and paler without from June onwards 
upon stems of about 2 feet. 
C. Flammula. — -Fragrant Virgin's Bower. 
A well-known climber hardy and free as the 
Traveller's Joy of our hedges — indeed this may 
be said to take its place from the centre of 
Europe to the Mediterranean. It bears shorter 
I wreaths of white flowers in the autumn, purer 
