257 
such a season, its laden sprays are most welcome. 
Thrives upon sheltered walls near the coast in 
Ireland, Wales, and the south-westof England. 
C. heracleafolia. — This is not a climber but 
a shrubby kind standing as the type of a small 
group of bush-plants spread over eastern Asia. 
It has stout stems of about 2 feet, with large 
dark-green leaves cut into three oval leaflets 
and set upon long stalks. The small tubular 
flowers are gathered into whorls upon long 
erect spikes,pale blue in colour,coming through 
August and September, China. Increase by 
root-division, ^yn. C. tuberulosa. The variety 
Hookeri difi^ers from this chiefly in its pale 
mauve-coloured flowers. 
Var. C. davidiana. — The finest of the forms 
of C. heracleafolia, with stems of about 4 feet 
and very large grey-green leaves divided in 
threes. The flowers come from the end of 
July into September, as dense terminal clusters 
or singly and as smaller clusters from the axils 
of the leaves. Though not very lasting, they 
open in succession during several weeks and 
are so fragrant as to scent the air all around. 
In the prettiest form the tubular flowers are 
a delicate blue with yellow anthers, and shaped 
like a single Hyacinth. There are also paler 
forms to almost white, in which the flowers 
are often larger but less effective. Even the 
dried leaves are agreeably scented. This plant 
is fully hardy only in southern gardens, and is 
best at the foot of a sunny wall, with a cover- 
ing of litter in winter. China. Syn. C. mon- 
golica. 
Var. C. stans. — A Japanese form of the plant, 
with stems of 4 to 5 feet and handsome dark- 
green leaves covered with hairs and variable 
as to outline. In this kind the terminal clusters 
are less full and the pale-blue flowers smaller, 
but they come so late — September and October 
— as in a measure to atone for want of bril- 
ance, and for bold foliage this is one of the 
best. 
C. integrifolia. — An old border plant intro- 
duced from the south of Europe, and unlike 
any other kind, with stout stems only 12 to 
18 inches high which droop prettily under 
their load of flowers. The leaves are large, 
without stem, borne in opposite pairs, and un- 
cut. The nodding flowers appear in August, 
each upon a long stalk but hanging in clusters, 
the blooms composed of thick wavy petals, 
deep blue without, with a pale centre, and 
velvety-grey inside. This little plant is spoiled 
if trained too formally and is seen to the best 
advantage in the rock-garden, drooping over 
a ledge. Increase by seed. Its variety diversi- 
folia is a form from Asia in which the leaves 
are more or less cut, and the variety Dura?idi 
is a cross between integrifolia and lanuginosa. 
This is of much taller growth, with leaves 
broader and more massive, and larger flowers 
of dark violet-purple 3 to 4-!^ inches across, 
with a long season of beauty, making it one of 
the finest hardy border Clematis. 
C. lanuginosa. — Though to this species our 
large-flowered garden Clematis owe more than 
any other, the wild plant found by Fortune 
near Ningpo in South China is hardly known 
in gardens. Its stems are 4 to 6 feet high with 
leaves divided into three heart-shaped leaflets 
woolly-grey underneath. The buds are also 
woolly and the flowers 6 inches across, with 
broad overlapping sepals of pale mauve or 
bluish-grey and pale reddish-brown stamens. 
This plant thrives best in a cool north aspect. 
There exist two or three wild forms of the 
plant such as pallida, with paler flowers and a 
long season of beauty ; and a scarce form with 
flowers of intense lilac-blue, and grey-green 
leaves almost silvery in the sunlight and very 
woolly beneath. 
C. ligusticifolia. — A vigorous climber from 
the Rocky Mountains, with stems of 30 feet 
and small white flowers. The flowers are fra- 
grant, about f inch across, coming in August, 
and give place to handsome silky seed-vessels. 
The variety californica has smaller and more 
downy leaves. 
C. Montana. — Among the best known of the 
wild Clematis, 20 or more feet in height, flow- 
ering early in the year. It grows in any soil 
or position and will hold its own even against 
Ivy and tree-roots, but needs space and sun to 
do well. The flowers come upon the old wood 
so that pruning should be done in June, after 
flowering, with a later trimming of the young 
growths upon very strong plants. The flowers 
last well when cut, particularly those springing 
from the short side-spurs which outlast these 
upon longer foot-stalks. They have a vanilla 
fragrance which grows stronger as they fade. 
