THE TRUMPET-LEAVED PITCHER-PLANTS 
297 
lobes jutting inwards from the emargin- 
ate lobes of the stigma itself. 
The pitcher-like leaves of the Sarra- 
cenias grow in tufts or rosettes, each 
tube widening more or less towards its 
mouth. There is a green flange or leafy- 
wing along their under side,which prob- 
ably serves as a guide for the creeping 
insects which frequent these plants. In 
structure and function the pitchers may 
be compared with those of the more 
highly developed Nepenthes, except 
that there is no intermediate tendril or 
climbing apparatus. The fixed hood or 
lid projects more or less over the open 
mouth of the pitchers and the smooth 
and glossy lip of the tube is folded over 
inwards but not in so marked a way as 
with Nepenthes. Just inside the pitchers 
there are honey-glands as an attraction 
to the flies, and below these a smooth 
and waxy slide-zone followed by a zone 
of depressed hairs, and at the bottom 
a liquid in which the captive insects 
are drowned and digested. There is a 
poison secreted by theSarracenias similar 
to that of Drosera, Nepenthes, and Di- 
onaea,and possibly this poison has some 
action upon the entrapped insects. The 
insects trapped by Sarracenias are mostly 
honey- and carrion-eating flies, moths, 
beetles, cockroaches, and ants ; very 
rarely wasps are found in their pitchers, 
but never, so far as I have seen or heard, 
are bees found in them. Fatal as these 
pitchers are to most insects there are 
at least two kinds that defy their snares 
and even rear their offspring in the 
deadly tubes. One of these is the 
Sarracenia - moth [Xa72thoptera semi- 
crocia)^ a glossy little insect provided 
with claw-like feet which enable it to 
enter or leave the pitchers at will. The 
other is a large flesh-eating fly (Sarco- 
phaga Sarracenice) which lays its eggs 
amongst the insect refuse inside the 
pitchers. The newly-hatched larva; feed 
on the insects entrapped by the plant, 
and when fully grown eat their way 
through the wall of the pitcher and bury 
in the ground, to emerge later as perfect 
insects. Various insect-eating birds of 
America also slit or tear open the 
pitchers and steal the insects collected 
^ within. 
Culture. — The cultivation of these 
plants is easy in a greenhouse, and I 
have even seen a healthy collection 
j thriving in a cold pit or under glass- 
' lights placed on low brick walls. But 
to grow fine specimens, such as those 
formerly shown by the late Mr. Thomas 
Baines and others, a warm greenhouse 
is required. Sarracenias like their roots 
in water and their leaves in the sun. 
After the leaves reach maturity a lower 
temperature may be maintained, and in 
July or August the plants may beplaced 
outside on a sheltered walk in the full 
sunshine. The late Dr. Alex. Paterson, 
who grew these plants well, used to 
make a little avenue of his specimens 
when the leaves were fully grown, and 
visitors passed along a walk bordered 
by Sarracenias. When so hardened off* 
in autumn a greenhouse or frame just 
free from frost suffices for the winter. 
The plants should be repotted when 
growth begins in January or February 
into pots filled nearly half full of crocks, 
with the roots in a compost of peat 
and loam-fibre, charcoal, and clean 
