Owing to the ease with which female branches become detached, it is some- 
times difficult to bring out the fact that the inflorescence is autoicous. In several 
cases, however, the writer has been able to demonstrate attached female branches, 
and these have always arisen, either singly or in a subopposite pair, just below 
a male inflorescence (Fig. i). Even in the case of detached female axes it is 
usually easy to see that they are branches, since the basal leaves are always 
small and poorly developed (Fig. 4). If the inflorescence terminated a main 
axis, the leaves for a considerable distance below the bracts would naturally be 
vegetative leaves of the ordinary type. This seems to be true in the case of the 
male inflorescence, in all observed instances, so that the latter may be described 
as being borne on a main axis, rather than on a branch. Beyond the inflorescence 
the axis continues its growth vegetatively (Figs. 2 and 3), but whether it eventual- 
ly forms another series of bracts and antheridia has not yet been determined. 
Among the North American species of Diplophyllum, D. apiculatum (Evans) 
Steph, and D. ohtusifolium (Hook.) Dumort. seem to be the closest allies of 
D. Andrewsii. D. apiculatum is the common lowland species of the eastern United 
States, its known range extending from Maine to Georgia. It grows preferably 
on shaded banks and agrees with the new species in color and general habit and 
also in its autoicous inflorescence, the female branch normally arising just below 
the male inflorescence. The leaf-cells, moreover, are very much alike in the 
two species and the differences in the cell-measurements are almost negligible. 
In D. apiculatum, however, the plants are a trifle smaller, both leaf-lobes are 
almost invariably apiculate and the margin is often distinctly denticulate, es- 
pecially tow^ard the base of the ventral lobe. The perianth, also, although 
similarly compressed, has fewer folds in the upper part and the teeth at the moutn 
tend to be simpler and more crowded. D. ohtusijolium is a species of wide Eur- 
opean distribution, being most abundant in the lower mountains of France, 
Germany and Switzerland, but often descending to the sea level along the Atlantic 
Coast, In North America it seems to be confined to the Pacific Coast, being 
known only from British Columbia and Washington. This species likewise 
agrees with D. Andrewsii in general appearance and in size, and its leaf-lobes 
are similarly broad and rounded at the apex. It differs, however, in its in- 
florescence, which is normally paroicous, rather than autoicous, the male bracts 
being situated in several pairs just below the perichaetial bracts. The species 
is further distinguished by its relatively smaller dorsal lobes and by the distinct 
dentici lation of the leaf-margins, not only in the vicinity of the base of the 
dorsal lobe but also in the apical portions of both lobes. 
8. Diplophyllum gymnostomophilum Kaalaas. 
Collected in 1917, at Middle Harbor, Dingwall, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, 
on gypsum ledges, by G. E. Nichols; also in October, 19 10, below the falls 01 
the Black River, Douglas County, Wisconsin, on rock ledges, by G. H. Conklin 
(No. 959 in part). Both of these localities represent interesting extensions of 
range. The species was first recognized as American by Miss Lorerz, who col- 
