snatching babies from their mothers, grabbing men fron horses and act- 
ing like the "devil'' generally. Fortunately the paintings are crude 
enough to he funny. All this depicting of agony it seems to me has had 
entirely the opposite effect to that intended. When I saw all the way- 
side crucifixes in Austria, all the martyrdoms in the cathedrals and 
art galleries it seemed to me if the people took this suffering ser- 
iously they would go crazy. In unconscious self-defense they become 
callous to it. The priests try to stir them with more and more agony 
and they become more and more callus. Among the busts in Oampo 
Santo (which I should explain is the Y/estmiBster Abbey of Pisa) 1 saw 
that of Prof. Caspar Savi, who secured the Kaddl grasses for Pisa, 
that of Oavour. On the wall at one end hang the chains of the port 
of Pisa, two groups of them, the links about ID to 20 inches long. I 
wonder what they did with such chains at a port. It couldn't be to 
tie up vessels, such chains would sink them. Pis* is 6 miles from 
the mouth of the Arno— I did net se any boats in the river. I saw 
what I think must be the tomb of Dante. I copied tee legend; " 
"L'alto arrigo oh'a drissare Italia verra in prima chSella ela dis- 
poses— Paradi so XXX. M It is by order of Emperor Henri , as near as I 
could make out. (I forgot to say that in the cathedral I saw the 
immense chandelier that disclosed to Galjlilio the law of the swing- 
ing of the pendulum. ) Hear the campanile I collected Jestuca uni- 
glumis. I had been seeing a little annual Pestuoa all the way from 
Florence to ^isa, but could not guess it. I wonder it has not come 
to U. it is so abundant. Bromus rigidus is very common here. 
In the. ground in the center of Oampo Santo (it is built like an enor- 
mous cloister €e*m4B~e«elesing- forming a frame aroung an interest- 
ing weedy garden ) there were all the introduced graces we have, 
nearly, except those named for Italy, Lolium italicum (here it is all 
perenne) and Ohaetochloa itallca. There were two Oarices unlike any 
