THE FIRST KAFFIR WAR. 43 
were commenced in the year 1811, but were 
not finally successful until 1812. 
Still the love of marauding and robbery, in- 
herent in the Kaffirs, soon induced them to re- 
cross the boundary, and commence pillaging 
the Colony. And at length they became so dar- 
ing, that, in the year 1819, they once more 
crossed the Great Fish Eiyer in force, and at- 
tacked Graham's Town in immense numbers. 
They were, however, repulsed with some loss, 
and were so disheartened thereby, that, soon 
afterwards, Lord Charles Somerset, (then gover- 
nor of the Colony,) was enabled to conclude a 
treaty with them. By this treaty, the colonial 
boundary was again fixed at the Fish Eiver : 
but the country lying to the North-east, be- 
tween that and the next river ; viz, the Keis- 
kamma, was, in addition, to be considered u a 
neutral territory." It was further also provi- 
ded that the English, if they should consider 
it necessary, might build forts, and establish 
military posts along the line. This treaty was 
made between Lord Charles Somerset, as Bri- 
tish Governor of the Colony, on the one side, 
and Gaika, regarded as the great paramount 
chief of the Amakosa tribes, on the other. 
In the course of the next year, 1820, a grant 
of £50,000 was made by the English Parlia- 
ment, to encourage and establish emigration to 
