MINERAL PRODUCTIONS. 
69 
granite (which it surrounds) proves that the 
killas through the superior rock, is of older 
formation than the granite. The granite, there- 
fore, is a mineral that has come up from below 
into the situation it now occupies, and is not 
of the materials which haye been deposited by 
the sea, in any shape — either mechanical or 
chemical. It is a species, therefore, of sub- 
terraneous lava, and the progeny of that active 
and powerful element, which we know, from the 
history of the present and the past, has always 
existed in the bowels of the earth. The intro- 
duction, therefore, of granite into the situation 
it now occupies, must have taken place while 
the whole was deep under the level of the sea, 
previous to its elevation, or the subsidence of 
the surrounding waters. The granite may thus 
be considered as newer than one of the rocks 
incumbent on it, and older than the other — thus 
highly favouring the opinion that granite does 
not derive its origin from aqueous deposition." 
With the exception of coal, iron, and copper, 
(indications of which have been discovered in 
various parts of this continent,) no ores or 
minerals have yet been found in the adjacent 
<X)untry. 
In the village of Malmesbury, however, dis- 
tant about 40 miles from Cape Town, there is a 
warm mineral spring of water forced up. It is 
