GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF ALBANY* 107 
Missionary Society, the other to the Wesleyans; 
these latter likewise possess other smaller loca- 
tions in different parts of this district. 
The geological structure of this division par- 
takes much of the nature of the other parts of 
the continent. The cliffs belong, generally, 
to the sandstone and quartz formations which 
are so predominant in South Africa. Gray- 
wacke, quartz, schistus, and clayslate are com- 
mon. In the formation and cutting of the 
Queen's-road through Upper Albany, some few 
years ago, large- organic remains, and a few 
fossils, both of the animal and vegetable king- 
dom, were discovered in a fine state of preser- 
vation, and have, we believe, been since sent 
to England. Along the coast of the Indian 
ocean, there are various descriptions of soil, 
chiefly sand mixed with shells and vegetable 
matter. Further inland there is much clay, 
interspersed with sandy flats, and patches of 
rich vegetable mould, resting upon a stratum 
of iron-coloured clay, or upon beds of limestone 
and sandstone. Throughout the districts of 
Upper Albany along the Great Fish river, and 
the more remote ones of Lower Albany, as well 
as near the Bushman's Eiver and in the Zuure- 
berg, the face of the country is extremely rug- 
ged; it is, however, studded with farms, and 
these are well stocked with sheep. 
