204 
SOUTHERN AFRICA. 
toobac !" "Good day, chief! give me to- 
bacco !" 
The habit of smoking, amongst these people, 
is, however, by no means reprehensible ; on the 
contrary, during years of dearth and war, they, 
doubtless, find it useful in alleviating hunger, 
and soothing excitement. They are also very 
fond of snuff, but this they use in a much more 
cleanly manner than Europeans. Their snuff 
boxes, which are ingeniously made, and are 
of various forms and devices, have always 
attached to them a picker, or long-pointed in- 
strument, with which they stir the snuff, when 
it becomes dry, or caked, and a spoon, made 
of bone or ivory ; called, in their phraseology, 
" bodkins and lebakos.' ? In the latter, they 
raise the snuff to their nostrils, and, with the 
edge of it, they also scrape away any particles 
which may have adhered to the nose. A little 
brush, which is also appended to the box, 
then completes the operation, by being used to 
follow the last office of the spoon. 
One of their most ingenious methods of 
making snuff boxes, is from blood. These they 
call, in their language, "IquakaP When pre- 
paring the skins of animals for karosses, the 
process of tanning, or u hraeing" them, as it 
is called, being performed by stretching the skin, 
or hide, tightly on the ground, and pegging it 
