246 
SOUTHERN AFRICA. 
their purely native condition, it will be clearly 
seen that crimes are not encouraged by them, 
or regarded as virtues. 
" As a general rule, Kaffir crimes are pu- 
nished with fine or death, and confiscation, 
" Death, and confiscation of property, follows 
commission of what, in their estimation, are the 
greater crimes, and, while it is most wantonly 
inflicted on the innocent, it still stands good, 
that what they regard as serious offences, are 
severely punished. Fines and confiscations are 
awarded to distinct kinds of offences : — 
1 , As damages claimable by private individuals, an evil 
doer is compelled to make restitution by payment of cattle, 
as in our civil cases. 
2. Fines for public offences. This is the main source of 
the chief's revenue. 
" Cupidity, which is a strongly developed 
feature of the Kaffir character, will not permit 
either the chief, or those who surround him, 
and between whom the fine is generally distri- 
buted, to forego the advantage to be derived 
from the infliction of heavy fines ; so that of- 
fenders have but a small chance of escape. 
u The crimes, common with Kaffirs, are pe- 
culiar to them as an uncivilized people ; while 
there are many crimes, practised among civi- 
lized nations, which do not occur among them. 
"The enlightened, and the unenlightened, 
regard crimes with very different feelings, and 
