158 
THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 
Mix in a little of the mother's milk and give as a drench 
every four hours until the animal gets relief. 
15. Balls Found in the Bowels (Calculi). 
These are chiefly made up of lime and vary in size from 
that of a marble to those large enough to weigh twenty 
pounds. A piece of iron, or brass, or something of the kind, 
which has a tendency to collect the lime, is sometimes taken 
into the stomach with the drinking water. These balls are 
the result of a constant formation of the lime about the for- 
eign substance. 
Causes. — Feeding the sweepings of a mill floor or such 
like is the more general cause. They are more frequently 
found in the large bowel and may take a long time to ac- 
cumulate before being large enough to stop the passage. 
Symptoms. — The first noticeable symptom is wind colic, 
after which, sooner or later, as the ball gets larger, there is a 
complete stoppage of the passage. This causes inflammation 
which generally terminates in death in from twenty-four to 
forty-eight hours. 
Treatment. — During first symptoms give a good dose of 
physic. If balls are suspected it is always best to make an 
examination by oiling the hand and passing it into the rectum. 
Should balls be found it is generally an easy matter to re- 
move them with the hand. Should the removal of the balls 
be impossible, nothing can be done except to relieve the pain 
by giving doses of one ounce or four dessertspoonfuls of 
laudanum every couple of hours. 
16. Rupture of the Rectum or Back Bowel. 
This is a very serious injury, but in some cases recovery 
is possible, especially if the rupture be on the upper side of 
the rectum. 
Causes. — Rupture of the rectum is generally the result 
of an accident. A shaft during a runaway, a broken piece of 
fence rail, a splinter of a board of such like may enter through 
the anus into the rectum and cause the rupture. 
It may be the result of mal-address-penetration of the 
wrong passage during service of the stallion. 
Symptoms. — If by accident there is generally sufficient 
exterior evidence of the injury — cuts, bruises or bleeding 
from the anus. If by mal-address there is bleeding •from the 
