CHAPTER VT. 
DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 
THE urine, sometimes called stale, is separated from 
the blood by the kidneys, from whence it is carried 
into the bladder by the ureters. Nephritis is an in- 
flammation of the Kidneys, Cystitis of the Bladder. 
Inflammation may be acute or chronic, and as the symptoms 
are somewhat different these conditions are treated separately. 
1. Acute Inflammation of the Kidneys. 
Causes. — Exposure to cold — standing out in cold rain 
storms such as we have in Canada in the spring and fall or 
lying on the cold, damp ground — is the commonest cause. 
Violent exertion such as that of racing or carrying a heavy 
weight upon the back may so injure the kidneys as to cause 
acute inflammation ; so, too, may large quantities of certain 
medicines that act directly upon them. 
Fig. 19. — Acute Inflammation of the Kidneys. 
Symptoms. — There is a feverish condition accompanied 
by a full, bounding pulse running from 60 to 80 per minute. 
The mouth is hot and dry, the breathing heavy, and there is 
a tendency to sweat freely. The patient looks round at his 
m 
