THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 
felt, the legs being turned under, it is rather a difficult case. 
Delivery can be accomplished, however, by pressing the 
hind quarters of the foal upward and toward the front of the 
womb. Slip the hand down and take hold of a foot of one 
hind leg. Pull upward and backward until the leg is brought 
out into the passage. Bring the other leg out in the same 
manner. After this is done the difficulty is practically over. 
11. Deformities. 
Deformities or freaks of nature are sometimes met with, 
but as these are so varied and unlike each other it is 
impossible to lay down any special method of procedure. The 
operator must, after, making a thorough examination, act 
upon his own judgment and apply as nearly as is deemed 
advisable the plans laid down in the previous sections. 
12. Twins. 
If twins are suspected make a thorough examination. 
Bring the foal nearest the rear, first. Care must be taken 
not to pull upon a leg of each foal. The second usually 
comes easily. In any case where it is necessary to force the 
foal back into the womb, it is much easier accomplished 
when the mare's hindquarters are raised. This may be done 
by allowing the hind feet to rest upon boards or some manure. 
Avoid so far as possible the using of hooks, knives, etc., 
as there is always danger of injury to the womb. Use the 
hands and pieces of fine rope as much as possible. It is 
wise, however, to always have good instruments on hand 
should their use be absolutely necessary. 
III. — Difficulties, Diseases, Etc., That Follow Foaling. 
It is too often the case that many consider the danger 
over as soon as the mare is delivered. The mother as well as 
the colt, however, are both in a weakened condition, and each 
at this time should receive the best of care until the system 
has so regained strength as to be able to perform its func- 
tions naturally. 
13. Cleaning, Placenta or After-Birth. 
Sometimes the placenta does not come away properly. 
Part remains attached to the inside ,of the womb and part 
hangs out behind. 
