328 
THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 
In order to place the matter of age as indicated by the 
appearance of the teeth more clearly before the student, the 
following schedule is submitted. In it the indication of age 
is presented at a glance. For example : a horse is supposed 
to be, say nine years old. Run down the age column to the 
figure 9 and by reading to the right it will be found that all 
the lower incisors as well as the two upper centre teeth con- 
tain black spots, and the remaining four uppers, rings. Sim- 
ilarly: Suppose that in examining a horse's mouth, the two 
center teeth and the two laterals of the lower jaw are found 
to present black spots and the remaining incisors, rings. Run 
down the columns for centre and laterals to the darkface S's 
in each, and to the left the age is found to be 7. 
4. Drenching. 
A twitch is a small round handle about three feet long 
provided with a hole near one end, through which passes a 
small rope to form a sort of loop. This loop is sufficiently 
large enough to slip over the horse's nose, being tightened by 
twisting the rope by means of the handle. 
The bottle containing the drench should have a fairly 
long neck and be of thick, strong glass. 
Place a halter on the horse and lead him to a place that 
will admit of raising his head well up. Place a twitch on his 
nose and while an assistant holds the nose well up with the 
twitch, slip the bottle containing the drench into the mouth 
from the side between the front and back teeth. Pour into 
the back of the mouth only a small portion of the medicine at 
a time to prevent choking. Should he commence to cough, 
allow him to lower his head immediately and do not raise it 
again until the coughing has ceased. Don't be in a hurry to 
empty the bottle, as it. takes some horses much longer than 
others to take a drench. 
5. Bleeding. 
Place a small rope, or plow cord, in the form of a slip- 
knot, over the horse's neck and draw it tight enough to swell 
the jugular vein on the left side of the neck, moisten the hair 
over the swelling and hold the fleames — which must be clean 
— lengthwise with the vein ; have an assistant to hold the 
rope, and also cover the horse's left eye so he cannot see you. 
When you are satisfied that the fleames set over the vein 
strike them a quick, sharp blow with a stick of some kind. 
As soon as the -vein is cut, a stream of blood spurts from the 
