408 
THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 
3. Mange. 
For this disease refer to mange in horses, as the causes, 
symptoms and treatment are the same. 
4. Ringworm. 
This is a common disease in young cattle and calves. 
Causes. — It is the result of a parasite, or germ, getting 
into the skin and working around the bottom of the hair, 
causing it to fall out in round patches. This disease affects 
young cattle more than older ones, but may affect them at 
any age. 
Treatment. — The cheapest and best remedy is crude 
petroleum oil painted over the spot a little over the edges of 
the ringworm, in the sound skin, to keep it from spreading. 
Paint with a feather every day, or every second day, until 
the ringworm disappears. Be careful in handling ringworms 
on cattle, a? you are liable to become affected yourself. 
5. Horn Fly. 
These are also called Austrian flies. They are small, 
black, hard flies. They first appeared on this continent in 
the Eastern States in the year 1887, and since then have 
spread all over the country. They start to bother the cattle 
during the warm days of May and continue bothering them 
until the frost comes in the fall. These flies become very 
numerous. They pierce holes in the skin and suck the blood. 
While they are resting they light on the horns, and some- 
times the base of the horn is literally covered with them. 
Treatment. — Apply wagon grease, tar, or some oily sub- 
stance around the base of the horn every few days to keep 
them from resting there. Wash the animal's body twice a 
week with creolin wash, which is very cheap and effectual. 
Creolin , - . .8 oonces or 8 dessertspoonfuls. 
Water . — . 1 gallon. 
Mix, shake well and rub or spray them over twice a 
week, and it will keep the flies from bothering them. 
